Vocab F Units 1-6

(n) the expression of approval or favorable opinion, praise, official approval

S: commendation, sanction
A: disapproval, condemnation, censure

(v) to make easier or milder, relieve, to quiet, calm; to put an end to, appease, satisfy, quench

S: mitigate, alleviate, slake, allay
A:intensity, aggravate, exacerbate

(n) a combination, union or merger for some specific purpose

S: alliance, league, federation, combine
A: splinter group

(n) decline, decay, or deterioration; a condition or period of decline or decay; excessive self-indulgence

S: degeneration, corruption
A: rise, growth, development, maturation

(V) to draw forth, bring out from some source (such as another person)

S: call forth, evoke, extract, educe
A: repress, quash, squelch, stifle

(v) to attempt to dissuade someone from some course of decision by earnest reasoning

S: protest, remonstrate, complain

(adj) used so often as to lack freshness and originality

S: banal, trite, commonplace, corny
A: new, fresh, novel, original

(n) a gap, opening, break (in the sense of having an element missing)

S: pause, lacuna
A: continuity, continuation

(n) a hint, indirect suggestion, or reference (often in a derogatory sense)

S: insinuation, intimidation
A: direct statement

(v) to plead on behalf of someone else; to serve as a third party or go-between in a disagreement

S: intervene, mediate

(adj) wearied, worn-out, dulled (in a sense of being satiated by excessive indulgence)

s: sated, surfeited, cloyed
A: unspoiled, uncloyed

(adj) causing shock, horror, or revulsion; sensational; pale or shallow in color; terrible or passionate in intensity, or lack of restraint

S: gruesome, gory, grisly, baleful, ghastly
A: pleasant, attractive, appealing, wholesome

(adj), worthy, deserving recognition and praise

S: praiseworthy, laudable, commendable
A: blameworthy, reprehensible, discreditable

(adj) peevish, annoyed by trifles, easily irrated and upset

s: irritable, testy, waspish
a: even-tempered, placid, serene, amicable

(n) a special right or privileged; a special quality showing excellence

s: perquisite, park

(adj) pertaining to an outlying area,; local; narrow in mind or outlook, countrified in the sense of being limited and backward, or a simple plain design that originated in the countryside; (n) a person with a narrow point of view, a person from an outlying area, a soldier from a province or colony

s: (adj) narrow-minded, parcholial, insular, naive
a: (adj) cosmopolitan, catholic, broad-minded)

(v) to make a pretense of; to imitate; to show the outer signs of

s: feign, pretend, affect

(v) to rise above or beyond, exceed

S: surpass, outstrip

(N) to case a shade by trees; foliage giving shade; an overshadowing influence or power; offense, resentment; a vague suspicion

s: irritation, pique, annoyance
a: pleasure, delight, satisfaction

(adj) excessively smooth or smug, trying to hard to give an impressing of earnestness, sincerity or piety; fatty, oily, pliable

S: mealymouthed, servile, fawning, greasy
a: gruff, blunt

(v) to improve, make better correct a flaw or shortcoming

S:amend, better
A: worsen, aggravate, exacerbate

(n) poise, assurance, great self-confidence; perpendicularity

s: composure, self-possession, levelheadedness
a: confusion, embarrassment, abashment

(adj) pompous or overblown in language; full of high-sounding words intended to conceal a lack of ideas

S: inflated, highfalutin,high-flown, pretentious
A: unadorned, simple, plain, austere

(adj) without experience; immature, not fully developed, lacking sophistication and poise; without feathers

S: green, raw, unfledged, inexperienced
A: mature, grown-up, polished sophisticated

(n) saliva or mucus flowing from the mouth or nose; foolish, aimless talk or thinking; nonsense (v) to let saliva flow from the mouth to utter nonsense or childish twaddle; to waste or fritter away foolishly

S: (n) balderdash, hogwash, tommyrot (v)slaver

(n) a summary, condensed account, an instance that represents a larger reality

s: abstract, digest, model, archetype

(v) to urge strongly, advise earnestly

S: entreat, implore, adjure
A: discourage, advise against, deprecate

(v) to violate, trespass, go beyond recognized bounds

s: encroach, impinge, intrude, poach
A: stay in bounds

(v) to make oneself agreeable and thus gain favor or acceptance by others (sometimes used in a critical or derogatory sense)

S: cozy up to, curry favor with
A: alienate, humiliate oneself, mortify oneself

(n) one who moves in where he or she is not wanted or has no right to be, an intruder

S: trespasser, meddler, buttinsky

(adj) belonging to someone or something by its very nature, essential, inherent; originating in a bodily organ or part

S:immanent, organic
A: extrinsic, external, outward

(v) to make violent attack in words, express strong disapproval

S: rail, harangue, fulminate, remonstrate
A: acclaim, glorify, extol

(n) weariness of body or mind, lack of energy

S: fatigue, lethargy, torpor, languor
A: energy, vitality, animation, liveliness

(n) a period of one thousand years; a period of great joy

S: chiliad, golden age, prosperity, peace
A: doomsday, day of judgement

(adj) mysterious, magical, supernatural; secret, hidden from view; not detectable by ordinary means. (v) to hide, conceal; eclipse. (n) matters involving the supernatural

S:supernatural, esoteric, abstruse, arcane
A: mundane, common public, exoteric

(v) to spread through, penetrate, soak through

(v) to fall as moisture; to cause or bring about suddenly; to hurl down from a great height; to give distinct form to. (adj) characterized by excessive haste. (n) moisture; the product of an action or process

S: provoke, produce, reckless, impetuous
A: wary, cautious, circumspect

(adj) strict, severe; rigorously or urgently binding or compelling; sharp or bitter to the taste

S: stern, rigorous, tough, urgent, imperative
A:lenient, mild, lax, permissive

(v) to think or believe without certain supporting evidence; to conjecture or guess. (n) likely idea that lacks definite proof

S: infer, gather, inference, presumption

(adj/adv) by virtue of holding a certain office

(v) to have an intense dislike or hatred for

S: loathe, abhor, despise, detest
A: relish, savor, cherish, esteem

(n) the modification of social patterns trains or structures of a society through contact with another

S: adaptation

(adj) resulting from chance rather than from an inherent cause or character; accidental not essential. extrinsic, incidental, fortuitous

S: extrinsic,incidental, fortuitous
A: essential, intrinsic, inherent, congenial

(v) to assign or refer to. attribute. impute. credit

S: impute, credit attribute

(adj) roundabout, not direct. indirect, meandering. winding


S: indirect, meandering, winding
A: straight direct, as the crow flies

(v) to sympathize with, have pity or sorrow for, share a feeling of distress. empathize.

S: feel sorry for, empathize
A: feel no sympathy for

(v) to direct or order. to prescribe a course of action in an authoritative way. to prohibit,

S: bid, charge, command adjure.
A: allow permit

(v) to make easy. cause to progress faster. accelerate, facilitate, speed up

A: hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct

(v) to make amends. make up for; to avert. redeem, atone, make reparation.

(n) a state of great excitement, agitation or turbulence.....(v)to be in or work into such a state; to produce alcohol by chemical action....

(n) commotion, turmoil, unrest
A: peace and quiet, tranquility, placidity

(adj) resulting from or marked by lack of attention; unintentional,

S: accidental, unconsidered.
a: deliberate, intentional, premeadiated

(adj) existing in name only, not real; to small to be considered or taken seriously..

s: titular, token, trifling, inconsequential
a: real, actual, exorbitant, excessive

(adj) not decisive or definite; unwilling to take a clear position, or to say yes or no.

S:cagey, uninformative, playing it safe, playing close to the vest
a: positive, definite, commited

(v) to steal something that has been given into one's trust; to take improperly for one's own use.

s: embezzle. defraud, misappropriate.

(n) a natural or habitual inclination or tendacy (especially of human charactor or behavior).

s: natural bent, penchant, propensity
a: inability or incapacity

(n) composure or coolness, exspecially in trying circumstances,,

s: poise, self-assurance, equanimity,
a: excitability, hysteria, flappability

(adj) resistant to lawful authority; having the purpose of overflowing an established government.

s:mutinous, rebellious, subversive.
a: supportive, loyal faithful, allegiant

(adj) thin, slender, not dense; lacking clarity or sharpness; of slight importance or significiance; lacking a sound basis, poorly supported,

s: flimsy, insubstantial, vague, hazy
a: strong, solid, substantial, valid

(adj) bitter, sarcastic; highly, caustic or biting(like a strong acid)

S:withering, acerbic, mordant,
A: bland, saccharine, honeyed, sugary

(v) to use coaxing or flattery to gain some desired end

s:cajole, inveigle, soft-soap, sweet-talk
a: coerce, browbeat, intimidate, strong-arm

(adj.)courteous and pleasant, sociable, easy to speak to

S: genial, amicable, agreeable, cordial
A: surly, cantankerous, dour, inhospitable

(v.)to increase in greatness, power, or wealth; to build up or intensify; to make appear greater

S: augment, amplify, enhance, exalt
A:reduce, decrease, diminish

(adj.)shapeless, without definite form; of no particular type or character; without organization, unity, or cohesion

S: formless, unstructured, nebulous, inchoate
A:definite, well-defined, clear-cut

(n.)that which surrounds (as an atmosphere); a distinctive air or personal quality

S: ambiance, atmosphere

(n.)illegal traffic, smuggled goods; (adj.) illegal, prohibited

S:illicit, bootleg, unlawful
A: legal, lawful, licit

(adj.) scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic

S: profoundly educated, well-read
a: ignorant, uneducated, illiterate

(adj.) thin, light, delicate, insubstantial;(n.) a very thin light cloth

S: flimsy, diaphanous, sheer, airy, feathery, gauzy
A: thick, dense, solid, massive

(v.) to find out by reasoning; to arrive at a conclusion on the basis of thought to hint, suggest, imply

S: gather, deduce, presume, guess, speculate

(adj.) incapable of being understood; impossible to see through physically

S: impenetrable, incomprehensible, enigmatic
A: comprehensible, intelligible, penetrable

(adj.) relating to, characteristic of, or situated on an island; narrow or isolated in outlook or experience

S: narrow-minded, parochial, provincial
A: catholic, cosmopolitan, liberal

(adj.) incapable of being changed or called back

S: irreversible, unrecallable, unalterable
A: reversible, changeable

(n.) a natural inclination or predilection toward

S: natural bent, proclivity, penchant
A:natural incapacity or inability

(adj.) peevish, complaining, fretful

S:petulant, touchy, cranky, irritable
A: uncomplaining, stoical, serene, placid

(v.) to argue or plead with someone against something, protest against, object to

S: reason against, expostulate

(v.) to disown, reject, or deny the validity of

S: disavow, abjure, renounce
A:avow, affirm, aver, avouch

(adj.) able to return to an original shape or form; able to recover quickly

S: springy, elastic, buoyant, bouncy
A:rigid stiff inflexible unyielding

(v.) to re-echo, resound; to reflect or be reflected repeatedly

S: rumble, thunder, boom, echo

(adj.) coarsely abusive, vulgar or low (especially in language), foul-mouthed

S: obscene, filthy, abusive, vituperative
A: decorous, seemly, tasteful, dignified

(adj.) persistent, showing industry and determination

S: assiduous, tireless, indefatigable
A: lackadaisical, listless, indolent, otiose

(adj.) thin or flimsy in texture; cheap; shoddy or inferior in quality or character; ethically low, mean or disreputable

S: inferior, cheesy, tawdry, tatty
A: superior, first-rate, quality, sturdy

(n.) a general pardon for an offense against a government; in general, any act of forgiveness or absolution

(n.) self-government, political control

(adj.) self-evident, expressing a universally accepted principle or rule

(v.) to adorn or embellish; to display conspicuously; to publish or proclaim widely

(n.) a warning or caution to prevent misunderstanding or discourage behavior

(adj.) fair, just, embodying principles of justice

(v.) to free from entanglements or difficulties; to remove with effort

(v.) to steal, especially in a sneaky way and in petty amounts

(v.) to mock, treat with contempt

(adj.) tending to be troublesome; unruly, quarrelsome, contrary; unpredictable

S: refractory, recalciutrant, peevish
A: docile, tractable, cooperative

(n.) a rule of conduct or action

(adj.) beneficial, helpful, healthful, wholesome

(adj.) bitterly severe, withering; causing great harm

(v.) to whip, punish severely; (n.) a cause of affliction or suffering; a source of severe punishment or criticism

(adj.) funereal, typical of the tomb; extremely gloomy or dismal

(adj.) tending to cause sleep, relating to sleepiness or lethargy; (n.) something that induces sleep

(adj.) extremely strict in regard to moral standards and conduct; prudish, puritanical

(adj.) lasting only a short time, fleeting; (n.) one who stays only a short time

(adj.) not easily carried, handled, or managed because of size or complexity

(adj.) dull, uninteresting, tiresome; lacking in sharpness, flavor, liveliness, or force

(adj.) abnormal, irregular, departing from the usual

(n.) a damaging or derogatory statement; the act of slandering or defaming

(adj.) extremely strange, unusual, atypical

(adj.) abrupt, blunt, with no formalities

(v.) to coax, persuade through flattery or artifice to deceive with soothing thoughts or false promises

(v.) to punish severely; to criticize severely

(v.) to plan with ingenuity, invent; to bring about as the result of a scheme or plan

(n.) a leader who exploits popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power

(v.) to free from deception or error, set right in ideas or thinking

(n.) weariness and dissatisfaction from lack of occupation or interest, boredom

(n.) a chain or shackle placed on the feet (often used in plural anything that confines or restrains; (v.) to chain or shackle; to render helpless or impotent

(adj.) very wicked, offensive, hateful

(adj.) not subject to change, constant

(n.) one who rebels or rises against authority; (adj.) rising in revolt, refusing to accept authority surging or rushing in or on

(n.) a delusion marked by a feeling of power, wealth, talent, etc., far in excess of reality

(n.) a position requiring little or no work; an easy job

(adj.) stealthy, secret, intended to escape observation; made or accomplished by fraud

(v.) to go beyond a limit or boundary; to sin, violate a law

(v.) to change from one nature, substance, or form to another

(adj.) performed, suffered, or otherwise experienced by one person in place of another