- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
cell surface receptors
|
membrane impermeable mol
hydrophilic/large |
|
intracellular receptors
|
membrane permeable mol
small/hydrophobic |
|
steroid/thyroid family signaling molecules:
|
cortisol
estradiol testosterone thyroxine |
|
steroid/thyroid signaling: mechanism?
|
hphobic - pass through plasma membrane
bind to receptor in cytosol or nucleus |
|
response to cortisol?
|
increase: BP, BG, glycogen stores, gluconeogenisis enzyme
|
|
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
|
rec X linked
mutation in test. receptor look female but XY |
|
second messenger
|
intracellular signal synthesized in response to initial signal
ex. cyclic GMP |
|
sildenafil (viagra)
|
act as comp inhibitor to PDE5
keeps cyclig GMP signal around more vasodilation |
|
PDE5
|
phosphodiesterase
degrades cGMP decreases vasodilation |
|
nitroglycerin
|
NO synthase activation
increase NO, vasodilation |
|
signal relay
|
spread signal through cell
|
|
signal amplify
|
send signal out to many
|
|
signal integrate
|
recieve signals from more than one pathway and combine to one
|
|
signal distribute
|
send signal to more than one pathway
create branches complex response |
|
protein kinase
|
phosphorylates
|
|
protein phosphatase
|
dephosphorylation
|
|
excitory ion channels
|
+
|
|
inhibitory ion channels
|
-
|
|
acetylcholine
|
stimulates flux of cations into cell
membrane depolarization/muscle contraction |
|
G-protein: subunits?
|
alpha/gamma tethered to p membrane
beta linked to gamma |
|
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR): part I
|
nucleotide EXCHANGE of GDP for GTP on alpha subunit
-activate alpha and beta/gamma subunits |
|
GPCR: part 2
|
-GTPase inactivates beta/gamma
-GTPase activity of alpha subunit |
|
Gs
Gi Gq |
s - activates adenylyl cyclase; activates Ca2 channels
i - inhibits adenylyl cyclase q - activates phospholipase |
|
Protein Kinase A (PKA)
|
activated by cyclic AMP (secondary messenger)
-result: activates transcription regulator |
|
phospholipase C (PLC)
|
-secondary messengers: inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol
-result: open IP3 gated Ca release channel of ER |
|
Calmodulin
|
-binder of Ca; change Ca levels in cells = calmodulin activated
|
|
enzyme-linked receptors: convey signal how?
|
-receptor tyrosine kinase (cross-phosphorylation)
-recruit tyrosine kinase |
|
receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK): activated?
|
-signal molecule bonds
-phosphorylated tyrosines bond -activated intracellular signaling proteins bound to phos. tyro. |
|
Ras activating protein: what does it do?
|
-increases rate of Ras-mediated GTP hydrolysis
|
|
Ras protein
|
GTPases
-membrane assoc. |
|
MAP kinase
|
-downstream of Ras
-serine-threonine cascade -Mitogen activated protein kinase -on scaffolding pro |
|
MAP kinase: signaling targets?
|
transcription factors
|
|
MAP kinase signaling module
|
stimulus -> MAPKKK -> MAPKK -> MAPK -> biological response
|
|
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase)
|
-generates PI(3,4,5)P3
-PI(3,4,5,)P3 forms docking station at p membrane -AKT binds/activated/released = signaling node |
|
AKT kinase
|
-signals cells survival/cell proliferation
-serine/threonine specific kinase -activated: phosphorylates Bad |
|
mTOR
|
-mammalian target for rapamycin
-rapamycin inhibits response of B/T cells -rapamycin inhibits mTOR |
|
phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3)
|
-generated by PI3 kinase
|
|
inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)
|
-generated by PLC
-releases Ca from ER - > activates protein kinase C |
|
PTEN
|
-PI(3,4,5)P3 back to PI(4,5)P2
-tumor suppressor |
|
JAK
|
-Janus kinases
-recruit to activated receptor; cross phosphorylate |
|
STAT
|
-bind, phosphorylated
-activated dimerize, translocate to nucleus = transcription factors |
|
Smad proteins
|
-Smad prot activated by phosphorylation
-Smad go to nucleus and = transc factors |
|
TGF-beta
|
-variant of receptor serine/threonine kinase
-critical neg regulator cell proliferation -commonly disrupted in cancer |
|
Imatinib (Gleevac/Novartis)
|
-anti-neoplastics
-specific to tyrosine kinase -tmt for CML -Imatinib comp inhib for TK |
|
Trastuzmab/Herceptin
|
-monoclonal abody
-bind to HER2 receptor in breast cells -prevents activation |
