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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Enlightenment
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A period of time when people began to trust reason rather than tradition
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Reason
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The ability to use your own brain to solve problems
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Philosophe
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An enlightened thinker
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5 Philosophies of the Enlightenment
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Reason, Nature, Progress, Happiness, Liberty
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John Locke
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Humans naturally cooperative; believed in individual rights of life, liberty, property
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Thomas Hobbes
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humans naturally competitive; people should give up all their rights to a strong ruler
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Baron de Montesquieu
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humans naturally competitive; Britain's government was best because it separated powers in 3 branches
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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humans naturally cooperative; direct democracy is the best type of government
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Voltaire
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writer who defended free speech--"I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it."
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Enlightened monarchy
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An example of an autocracy that was enlightened. Rulers made reforms that gave their people individual rights.
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British Constitutional Monarchy
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An example of an enlightened constitutional monarchy. Government had 3 separate branches that could check, or limit, one another.
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U.S. Constitution
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an example of an enlightened democracy. Created a government with 3 separate branches, a system of checks and balances, and a Bill of Rights protecting individual freedoms.
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Autocracy
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A type of government in which one leader or small group has power.
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Democracy
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A type of government in which all the people have power.
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Constitutional Monarchy
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A type of government in which there is a monarch (autocracy), but he/she shares power with an elected legislature (democracy).
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British Constitutional Monarchy
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An example of an enlightened constitutional monarchy. Government had 3 separate branches that could check, or limit, one another.
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U.S. Constitution
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an example of an enlightened democracy. Created a government with 3 separate branches, a system of checks and balances, and a Bill of Rights protecting individual freedoms.
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Autocracy
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A type of government in which one leader or small group has power.
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Democracy
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A type of government in which all the people have power.
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Constitutional Monarchy
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A type of government in which there is a monarch (autocracy), but he/she shares power with an elected legislature (democracy).
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Reason (philosophy)
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The belief that humans had the ability to use reason to solve problems.
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Progress (philosophy)
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The belief that people could use reason to improve society.
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Nature (philosophy)
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The belief that anything natural was good and reasonable.
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Happiness (philosophy)
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The belief that people should seek happiness in their time on earth, not wait for the afterlife.
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Liberty (philosophy)
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The belief that people should have individual freedoms.
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