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45 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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If hind legs in the Anuran order are long and muscular what are they good at?
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jumpers and swimmers
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If hind legs in the Anuran order are long what purpose do the legs serve?
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for climbing
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If hind legs in the Anuran order are short what purpose do they serve?
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just for runners, hoppers or walkers
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What is a fused caudal vertebrate called?
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Urostyle
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What is the clasping posture of fertilization in frogs and toads called?
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amplexus
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Where does the order Anura lay their eggs (oviposition)?
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ponds and swamps
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Which type of water is well oxygenated, hot or cold?
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cold
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Describe the egg mass structure for pond breeders in the order Anura in cold-well oxgenated water?
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eggs in compact clumps, thick jelly coat and often large communal egg masses
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Describe the egg mass structure for pond breeders in the order Anura in warm, poorly oxygenated water.
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tiny eggs attached individually to plants, in long strings, in thin films on water surface and some in foam nests
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Why would species from the order Anuran choose to breed in pools or on land instead of ponds and streams?
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due to reduction in predation on eggs and larvae
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What are tadpoles classified as depending on what they eat from the Anura order?
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filter feeders, herbivores
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What does the variable growth and development depend on for tadpoles in the Anura order?
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1. temp-colder=longer development
2. habitat stability- unpredictable (aquatic sites-highly variable development times-more stable env.=more restricted development times |
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Describe the characteristical changes tadpoles go through when changing to an adult in the Anura order.
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becomes carnivorous adult, long coiled intestines becomes shorter gut, true stomach develops, jaws replace filter feeder mouthparts, develops eyelids, legs, lungs and lose tail
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Why is metamorphosis a hazardous time for the life cycle of the Anura order?
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can't swim as well as larvae, can't hop as quickly as adults
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What is the difference between toads and frogs in the Anura order?
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toads- shorter legs, "warts", parotid glands (salivary gland)
frogs- longer legs and smooth skin no taxonomic difference |
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What are warts?
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macroscopic clusters of granular glands
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What structure is the "tail" in the family Ascaphidae?
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an intromittent organ
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Which family inhabits and lays eggs at cold mountain streams in the Anura order?
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Ascaphidae
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What is the order and family of spadefoot toads?
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Pelobatidae
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What family and common name do cricket frogs belong to?
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Hylidae; treefrogs-dpesn't climb trees
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What family and common name do chorus frogs belong to?
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Hylidae nad treefrogs
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What is a disadvantage for tree frogs "camoflauge"?
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absorbs infrared radiation-leaves can reflect, snakes and some birds can see when class
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What is viviparity?
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producing live offspring instead of eggs
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What does voracious mean?
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consuming large amounts
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What families belong to the Anura order?
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Ascaphidae, Pelobatidae, Bufonidae, Hylidae and Ranidae
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What advantages do reptiles have over amphibians?
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More efficient ectotherms
2. Dry glandless skin covered with scales 3. More efficient circulatory system – a. Still a 3‐chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle), except in crocodilians. b. But functions more like a 4‐chambered heart Limbs placed more medially 5. Kidneys excrete uric acid rather than urea. |
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What advantages do reptiles have over mammals?
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ectotherms
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What does calcaeous mean?
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leathery
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What are the three additional membranes added to yolk sac of amniotic egg?
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1. chorion
2. allantois 3. amnion |
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What is the chorion?
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immediately inside the shell.
It surrounds the embryo, yolk sac and allantois |
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What is the allantois?
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•Forms as an outgrowth from the hindgut
• Involved in respiration •Stores waste materials (expand as development proceeds) Ulitmately expands and fuses with chorion forming the chorioallantoic membrane •Highly vascularized & provides large surface for gas exchange through overlying shell |
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What is the amnion?
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surrounds the embryo and is the innermost membrane
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How is the sex determined of embryo of reptile?
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by temperature in nest; some temps only produce males, other only females, range that produces both is small
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What is a clade?
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monophyletic lineage – a lineage
composed of an ancestor and all its descendants. |
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For viviparity reptiles what are the two graded sources of embryonic nutrition?
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yolk (Lectithotrophy)
placenta (placentotrophy) |
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What is the upper part shell of a turtle called that is composed of dermal boney elements covered by keratinous scutes?
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carapace
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What is a turtle shell made of?
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composed of dermal boney elements covered by keratinous scutes
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What are the two parts of the turtle shell?
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dorsal carapace and ventral plastron joined by lateral bridge
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What is the jacobson organ?
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chemoreceptor in roof of mouth of Squamata order.
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What do myotoxins do?
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destroy skeletal muscle
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What do hemolysins do?
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destroy blood vessel linings and RBC's, respectively
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What do neurotoxins do?
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act at snyaptic or neuromuscular junctions
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How do you id a snake?
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size, color, unique features, habitat, behavior, anal plate and scales
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What are thecodont teeth?
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set into sockets and attached by ligaments
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What structure separates the buccal and respiratory passages in the Crocodilla order?
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secondary pallate
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