World Civilization II since 1500

Lasted in Europe from about 1760 to 1820, was marked by the predominane of Britain, the central importance of a new supply of energy from steam, and the production of textiles and iron in the factory setting.

begain in the later part of the nineteenth century in carious parts of western Europe and produced modern applied science or technology. The chemical and petroleum industries especially came to the fore in this phase, and a new source of energy was developed-electricity. National leadership shifted gradually from GB to Germ( after its formation in 1871) and the post- Civil War United States.

an entrepreneur or a company gathered together perhaps hundred of individual workers under one roof and one managerial eye. They were paid on a prefixed pay scale and worked under tight discipline on a single, repetitive part of the production process.

Anticipated the results and implications of industrialization. In his epochmaking book The Wealth of Nations, written in 1776 when industrial rev effects were just barely discernible in GB. Smith provided the economic and philosophical bases of liberalism. Considered division of labor and intro of factories.

urban upper-middle class, or classes, who included less wealthy merchants, landlords, tradesmen, and professionals. These well-educated, upwardly mobile men their families constituted what the french calle _____________

Brought on by Alexander the Great. Included changes in the army and judicial systems.Most significantly the central reorganized local and provincial authority, changing preciously purely appointive nature.

in 1875 the third republic was put into place. it was favoring a republic and was a liberal state with a strong legislature (national assembly) with a weak president (executive)

Chancellor and trusted friend to Prussian King William I. Outstanding European statesman of the entire 19th century, and his shadow hung over the german nation until 1945.Bismarck used Germans rising nationalism to to brig about the creation of single, powerful national state, Germany

Was the modernization of the Ottoman Empire along Euro lines. Promoted equality among diverse nation to bring together.

They led a successful revolt against Egyptian presence in Sudan.between 1881 and 1885

a militant reform begun in the late 1700s when a desert skaykh, Muhammad, joined forces w/a tribal leader Muhamed and started a Jihad to purge Islam of sufis.

Not the demand to return to old Islam because its not perfect. Not the complete rejection of Western things. Wanted modern ideas to penetrate Islamic societies.

Leader of Kongo who organized his African state well. He converted to Catholic Christian from Portuguese missionaries. He collaborated closely with the Port protectors and business partners in expanding slave luxury good trade.Founded only African dynasty of Christian rule lasted to collapse by slave trade rebellion

hardest fought and longest lasting jihad in Algeria.Local leader of sufi brotherhood, more specifically a marabout, a charismatic leader of holy men who inhabited a complex of monastery-like loges among the desert mountains.

Jihad began in 1790s and arose from a dispute between a muslim holy man and the king of a Hausa city-state called Gobir.

Shaka of the Zulu ppl where a powerful state that was organized for warfare. British eliminated the Zulu because of their fear for them in the Zulu war.

Many Americans and Euros though it was the white mans burden to civilize the Asians and Africans.Thought they could save a country from itself through trade.

A conference called for by Germ chancellor Bismark in 1884 to find an agreed-upon formula to regulate the contest among the powers and to tmeper the most contentious disputes. It ended w/ defining effective occupation as the standard for the recognition of territorial claims.

An African fighter who had much experience protecting groups from slave traders. He set up his own army and supplied his weapons by taking over a gold mine. He held of the Europeans for a long while trough many battles. This happened in Western Africa.

is a type of European colonial policy in which the traditional local power structure, or at least part of it, is incorporated into the colonial administrative structure. It was practiced in large parts of the British empire. Basically the opposite of direct rule.

methods of direct rule. French exerted strong pressure on the upper-caste Africans to learn French and acquire French manners and values. If they did they were considered black French men. Then could be come a french citizen, or enter the colonial bureaucrazy.

China's modern history begins w/ these wars from 1839-1842. British E India Co.had a lucrative trade in Indian opium with S China. Now did have to pay for silk stuff w/gold. Millions of Chinese became addicted.Emperor decided to block of trading port for opium and it started a naval war.

Server unrest and rebellion from the 1850s-1870s caused by the discontent w/the corruption and the incompetence of the gov officials aswel as the rapidly worsening problems of overpopulation in much of S China

aimed at restoring vitality to the court and giving china the means to hold its own against the foreign barbarians. In the 1870s-1880s it sought to modernize theQing dynasty state and its army.

The official name for the colony, which included the present-day states of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Its fell under Parisian oversight by the end of the century.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. WWI

Germany, Austria, and Italy. WWI. Basically said if any of them where attacked the other two would hasten to its aid.

An understanding between Britain and France that Britain would aid France in a defensive war if it was necessary

An agreement between Britain and Russia. Now the division was between Germany, Austria, Italy and Britain, France, Russia

Due to the increase in technology, the trench-style of fighting was ineffective paired with machine guns and against wasted infantry attacks which made the war drag on

Created during the Paris treaties, it established a group with universal membership in case there was any need to resolve international conflicts

1883-1946, a British economist who criticized the Treaty of Versailles and became extremely influential. He basically said that the government had control over the economic ups and downs. He basically suggested that the government insert money into the cycle during economic hardship.

An ex-socialist who established the Fascist Party in Italy. He quickly gained support as the people feared communism, were irritated by nationalism, and had a resentful lower class. After convincing King Victor Emmanuel III, he was chosen as premier. Two years later he rigged the elections, taking out his opponents, and pushed the growth of Fascism.

This time period is often noted for significant changes that occurred in many areas at the time. Some examples include; the airline industry, telephony for large businesses, entertainment media like radio or professional sports, and the coining of the term "loose women."

Russian leader of the Bolsheviks who changed Marx significantly in order to incorporate his ideas and tailor them to Russian realities. He competed with the Provisional Government leader, Kerensky, for power.

Following Lenin's death, no successor was named which created a power struggle. Stalin, though enemies with Lenin when he was alive, had already secured a position that allowed him to take over. His plan included; increased pressure to collectivize, increase in investments to modernize, and the first two would lead to the integration of the citizenry into the CPSU-controlled political process.

Stalin dispossessed the richer peasants and forced the poorer ones into collective farms which were under party supervision. Stalin would use the Red Arm as strong force to put this movement into place, and killed millions.

He believed in using force to establish his ideas which included; the 5 year plan, collectivization, rapid industrialization, and a revolution that changed Communist Party. He also had the Great Purge to scare the party into completely following him.

1919 in China. Beijing students protested the Versailles Treaty which rewarded Japan with a portion of China. This movement provided momentum for revolution

Chinese leader that was educated in the west and pushed for an anti government reform and believed problems within the country could be resolved with the implication of social justice. He was called to head the parliamentary government but soon replaced in an effort to avoid civil war.

Led by Mao Zedong, the communists were driven from their lands and forced to march. It lasted over a year at the cost of many lives. The survivors barricaded themselves in Shensi where they shared the ideals of Marxist gospel to the poor.

A revolt by some daimyo and samurai against the Shogunate in Japan, 1867. It restored the emperor to the center of political-government and ended the Shogunate. The reforms which occurred after include; Military advancements, a new tax system and national bank, the redistribution of land, and a new constitution

The first war between an Asian and European power. The most significant point is that the Japanese victory proved that Japan had become a major power.

Rocks for finishing these :)

at least you did most of them lol. i'd say it was a pretty successful cram session