World U Final

emperor (beginning in AD 284) who stopped fall of empire for a period of time by reforming Rome

social gatherings of poets, musicians, thinkers (usually run by hostesses)

leader of Huns who tried to conquer Constantinople, failed, pressed on to Rome, persauded by Pope Leo I to stop

music that was ornate, odd, complex, dramatic; an art form

common language of the time

-"Two Treatises of Government"
-people are naturally good
-people have right to overthrow government
-encouraged laborious workers (industry)
-freedom of press

music that was ornate, odd, complex, dramatic; an art form

-"Leviathan"
-people are cruel, greedy, brutish, short temperament
-people need strict control
-liked monarchy - absolute ruler
-opposed religion but God existed

the most powerful official of Rome

-two of them
-1 year term
-same person couldn't hold position for another 10 years after
-could veto other consul's decision

-"Candide"
-fought inequality/injustice (favored Locke)
- didn't like French monarchy (liked England)
-wanted to separate human rights from religion

-"Two Treatises of Government"
-people are naturally good
-people have right to overthrow government
-encouraged laborious workers (industry)
-freedom of press

governing body with veto power over unfavorable laws

-made up of Plebeians

-"The Wealth of Nations" - England should be deregulated
-Laissez Faire = "let/leave alone"
-law of self-interest → law of competition → laws of supply and demand
-division of labor (and differential pay)

-"Leviathan"
-people are cruel, greedy, brutish, short temperament
-people need strict control
-liked monarchy - absolute ruler
-opposed religion but God existed

-"The Spirit of Laws"
-admired British government (limited monarchy)
-best government is separation of powers, checks & balances = executive, judicial, legislative → France doesn't agree

barbarians (AD 410) that invaded Rome

-"Social Contract"
-some control is necessary, but should be limited → French monarchy doesn't agree
-people should be governed by elected officials (not hereditary system)
-art/science advancement; socialization → societal corruption

-"Candide"
-fought inequality/injustice (favored Locke)
- didn't like French monarchy (liked England)
-wanted to separate human rights from religion

-first prime minister to England
-headed cabinet, which became the center of power/policymaking

sun-centered universe

-wanted to perfect mankind
-helped women achieve better life
-education was key to a woman's success

astronomer that viewed moon around Jupiter

this did what?

-"The Wealth of Nations" - England should be deregulated
-Laissez Faire = "let/leave alone"
-law of self-interest → law of competition → laws of supply and demand
-division of labor (and differential pay)

-a link between the king and majority in Parliament (as part of majority party i.e. the Whigs)
-first established under King George I (was German)
-became center of power and policymaking

-"The Spirit of Laws"
-admired British government (limited monarchy)
-best government is separation of powers, checks & balances = executive, judicial, legislative → France doesn't agree

-monarchy limited by the constitution (i.e. law)
-e.g. in England

-"Social Contract"
-some control is necessary, but should be limited → French monarchy doesn't agree
-people should be governed by elected officials (not hereditary system)
-art/science advancement; socialization → societal corruption

-first prime minister to England
-headed cabinet, which became the center of power/policymaking

-wanted to perfect mankind
-helped women achieve better life
-education was key to a woman's success

-a link between the king and majority in Parliament (as part of majority party i.e. the Whigs)
-first established under King George I (was German)
-became center of power and policymaking

-monarchy limited by the constitution (i.e. law)
-e.g. in England

Roman aristocratic branch of gov't

Roman privileged upper class

Roman common farmer, artisan, merchant; free citizen and right to vote

granted toleration of Christianity; Edict of Milan - toleration of Religion; names Byzantium new capital city after winning East and West of Roman Empire

extreme pride in one's country

wife of Louis XVI, hailed from Austria

art technique during Renaissance

government controlled by church leaders

absolute ruler using his or her power for the good of the people

process by which wealthy landowners buy open fields in a village, fence them, rent them to tenant farmers to work the land

belief in absence of gov't regulation of business

belief that country's wealth should be shared equally among all citizens

policy of extending one country's rule over many lands; nation building

urban working class according to Marx

process of changing from a rural- to a city-dwelling population that results in densely populated areas and vast numbers of city buildings

religion introduced during Rome by teachings of Jesus (born in Bethleham)

written laws demanded by Plebeians created 451 BC to help protect their citizen rights (vote, hold office)

new capital city by Constantine on Byzantium for Rome, eastern empire

barbarian general who claimed Rome after last Roman emperor Romulus Augustulus

absolute monarch during French Revolution

formed Committee of Public Safety, which executed any suspicious people; was guillotined himself after Cttee. executions became threat

golden period of 1300 to 1600 in Europe; "rebirth"

wrote "The Courtier" about ideal Renaissance man/woman

wrote "The Prince" sayig that ends justified the means; ruler can do anything necessary to gain power

David, Sistine Chapel, St. Peter's church dome

inventor; painter: The Last Supper, Mona Lisa

captured scenes from everyday life to give sense of life and feeling

inventor of printing press (printed Bible)

"In Praise of Folly" - satire piece about merchants, lovers, scholars, priests/clergy

began Lutheran faith; salvation by faith alone, Bible only authority, equal faith

earthly rulers

began Calvinist religion; predestination, theocracy

heavenly rulers

heliocentricism; "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies"; Christian churches disagreed

1. State the problem.
2. Gather info on problem.
3. Form hypothesis.
4. Experiment.
5. Record data and analyze.
6. State a conclusion.
7. Repeat (increases reliability).

called on by Pope and ran for 20 years; established direction and reformed Catholic Church; took steps to end church abuse of power/created stiff penalties for corruption among clergy/created better schools to train people to combat Protestantism

French political/military leader; artillery captain looked to for fight Counter Revolution from Catholics, Royalists; 3-man consulate (and 1st consul), Emperor of French

spinning jenny

flying shuttle

water frame

invented steamboat

seed drill

iron in blast furnace using coke

men in fields w/ hoes, women in fields putting out - make one part of product, another woman comes to get it, more parts added, etc, etc

wealth (i.e. money, machines, tools, buildings) to produce more wealth

first practical steam engine to pump water

Industrial Revolution, allowed patients to not feel pain

iron ore in furnace to make pig iron, refined; rural activity

overcrowded housing units for urban working class in Industrial Revolution

Progressive idea that factory workers advocated for/achieved for benefits b/c of long hours, child labor, etc

socialist believing workers should all be equal; humanizing of capitalism, leads to communism

Manifesto - proletariat majority should govern society and bourgeoisie minority should relinquish power

factories; large machines: spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule; tools

person who financially supports another in his or her work

well-renowned English literature writer during Elizabethan Age

Roman gov't w/ republican style; ended w/ Octavian (Augustus)

Britain, France, Russia alliance in 1907

nationalism and imperialism(nation/alliance building)

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (1882-1914, start of WWI)

rules for new competition; anybody can claim Africa by taking over strategic points; African leaders not present but sealed African fate - irony

provided shorter route (Europe to Indian Ocean) - faster, easier, safer route; point of interest for Europe

ended German fighting with Allied Powers

Allied=France, Russia, (Britain, US)

Central=Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later switches to allied)

crisis of 3rd century
-economic problems (trade routes disrupted, gold/silver supply decr., harvests decr.)
-military decay (no intrinsic support)
-political decay (less loyalty)

-Diocletian tried to reform Rome, but did not completely succeed

-Constantine named new capital

-Rome sacked by Barbarians

works were kept from public view because challenged ideas of old order

gov't ruled by small elite

Absolutism - ultimate rule of one leader not limited by law; synonymous with bad ruler

Enlightenment - goodwill of people, reason/logic rather than divine right; e.g. constitutional monarchy and enlightened despots

let what naturally, normally happens to happen

e.g. for Adam Smith - self-interest, competition, supply/demand and invisible hand