- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The outer cutaneous surface of the lip consists of ?
|
- Epidermis
- Dermis - Hair follicles - Sebaceous glands - Sweat glands |
|
What are the glands found in inner oral mucosa of the lip?
|
Small salivary glands (Labial glands)
|
|
What is between the outer and inner cutaneous surface of the lip?
|
- Vermillion border
|
|
What is the masticatory mucosa?
|
Stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propria of the hard palate.
|
|
What glands are found on the hard palate?
|
Palatine glands
|
|
What is the difference between mucous and mucus?
|
Mucous: Adjective form
Mucus: Noun |
|
How are the tongue separate?
|
Anterior 2/3
Posterior 1/3 |
|
What separates the anterior and posterior tongue?
|
Sulcus terminalis
|
|
What are the 3 surface projections found on the tongue?
|
Lingual papillae:
- Filiform papillae - Fungiform papillae - Circumvallate papillae |
|
What are Filiform papillae?
|
Pointy projection that does not contain test buds but have layers of keratin. Mechanical in function
|
|
What are Fungiform papillae?
|
Mushroom projections that contain test buds and have parakeratinized epithelium
|
|
What are the circumvallate papillae?
|
Truncated cones with taste buds, salivary glands (von Ebner's glands) and stratified squamous epithelium.
|
|
What is the function of circumvallate papillae?
|
To flush material from the base of the papillae.
|
|
Which salivary glands are serous and which are mucuous?
|
Parotid: Serous
Sublingual: Mixed sero-mucous Submaxillary: Mixed sero-mucous |
|
What is the general 4 layer structure found in the GI tract?
|
1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Adventitia |
|
What is the mucosa composed of?
|
1. Epithelial lining
2. Lamina propria 3. Muscularis mucosae |
|
Muscle distribution of muscularis externa in esophagus
|
Upper 1/3: All skeletal
Mid 1/3: Inner=smooth, Outer=skeletal Lower 1/3: All smooth |
|
What are the 3 layer of muscle in the stomach?
|
- Inner oblique
- Middle circular - Outer longitudinal |
|
What are the glands found in the submucosa of the duodenum and what is its function?
|
Glands of Brunner - Mucus secretion
|
|
What do you find in the middle of the villi of the jejunum and what do they contain?
|
Lacteal contain chyle (Lymph + fat)
|
|
What specialized Eosinophilic cells do you find in the Ileum and what are their function?
|
Paneth cells - Secrete antimicrobial agents (Lysozyme)
|
|
What is the border between esophagus and stomach called?
|
Z-line
|
|
What is the boundary between rectum and anus called?
|
Pectinate line
|
|
What cell types are found in the switch from colon to anus?
|
Simple columnar --> Stratified columnar --> nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
|
|
What capusle lines the outside of the liver?
|
Capsule of Glisson
|
|
Where does exchange of metabolites between hepatocytes and blood happen?
|
In the perisinusodial spaces of Disse
|
|
For the zones of portal acinus, what are they based on?
|
Proximity to the portal tracts.
|
|
What is special about the endothelium of the liver?
|
They are fenstrated.
|
|
What are the layers of the gallbaldder?
|
- Inner mucosa
- Muscularis - Serosa or Adventitia |
|
What are the stages of RBC formation?
|
1. Proerythroblast
2. Basophilic Erythroblast (Early Normoblast) 3. Polychromatic Erythroblast (Intermediate Normoblast) 4. Normoblast 5. Reticulocytes |
|
What are the 2 types of granules found in WBC?
|
- Azurophilic
- Specific granules |
|
What type of granules do you find in myeloblast and promyelocytes?
|
Azurophilic granules
|
|
How many lobes does a child's thymus have?
|
2
|
|
Each lobe in the thymus is divided into?
|
Darker peripheral zone (cortex) and lighter central zone (medulla)
|
|
What does the cortex of Thymus contain?
|
- Developing T-lymphocytes
- Epithelial Reticular Cells - Macrophages |
|
What are developing T-lymphocytes also called?
|
Thymocyte
|
|
What are the function of epithelial reticular cells?
|
Supportive, providing a 3-dimensional framework to the thymus and forms the Thymic-blood barrier.
|
|
How are ERCs linked to each other?
|
By desmosomes
|
|
What are Hassall's corpuscles?
|
Flattened epithelial reticular cells arranged in a concentric manner filled with keratin filaments
|
|
What does the parenchyma of the thymus get replaced by as a person age?
|
Adipose tissue.
|
|
What are the 2 components of the spleen?
|
- White pulp
- Red pulp |
|
What is the function of white pulp?
|
Immunological role
|
|
What is the function of red pulp?
|
Destruction of aged erythrocytes
|
|
What do you find in the red pulp?
|
Splenic cords & sinuses
|
|
What fibers support the spleen and what cells produce those fibres?
|
Reticular fibres by reticulocytes
|
|
What special structure can you find int he paracortex of lymph nodes and what are their function?
|
High endothelial venules: Passage of B & T cells from blood into the lymph nodes.
|
|
What are Ostecytes actively doing?
|
Osteocytic osteolysis
|
|
What are osteoblast, osteocyte, osteoclasts derived from?
|
Osteoblast & osteocyte, mesenchyme cells
Osteoclast: Monoctye lineage |
|
What are the 5 zones in the growth plate?
|
1. Reserve zone
2. Proliferation zone 3. Hypertrophy zone 4. Zone of calcified cartilage 5. Zone of resorption (Osteogenic zone) |
|
What are the 2 layers of the perichondrium?
|
1. Outer fibrous layer
2. Inner chondrogenic layer |
|
Chondrocyte grouped together are called?
|
Isogenous Nests
|
|
What are the basophilic staining matrix around chondrocyte?
|
Territorial matrix
|
|
What are the eosinophilic staining matrix between the chondrocytes?
|
Interterritorial matrix
|
|
What kind of tissue is epiglottis and intervertebral disk?
|
Epiglottis: Elastic tissue
IV disk: Fibrocartilage (Annulus fibrosis) |
|
Where can you find fibrocartilage? (4)
|
Annulus fibrosis
Pubic symphysis Menisci Insertion of tendons into bone |
|
What type of collagen is tendons composed of?
|
Type I collagen
|
|
What are the CTs covering tendons?
|
Epitenon: Tendon
Endotenon: Fascicles |
|
What is collagen composed of?
|
Tropocollagen
|
|
What do you find at the muscle-tendon junction?
|
Sarcolemmal densities
|
|
What proteins are found in sarcolemmal densities? (4)
|
Vinculin
α-actinin Talin Integrins |
|
What type of gland is the pancreas composed of?
|
Compound tubuloacinar gland with serous acini
|
|
What ducts can you find in the pancreas?
|
- Intercalated ducts
- Intralobular ducts - Interlobular ducts |
|
What is the anterior pituitary derived from?
|
Oral ectoderm which forms the Rathke's poutch
|
|
What is the posterior pituitary derived from?
|
Neuroectoderm
|
|
What are the components of the anterior lobe?
|
1. Pars distalis
2. Pars tuberalis 3. Intermediate lobe |
|
What are the components of the posterior lobe?
|
1. Pars nervosa
2. Infundibular stalk |
|
What does the intermediate lobe look like?
|
Colloid-filled cyst
|
|
Are neurons in the posterior pituitary myelinated or unmyelinated?
|
Unmyelinated
|
|
What are Herring bodies?
|
Storage terminal ends of axons. Contain dense neurosecretory granules.
|
|
What kind of capillaries are found in the pituitary?
|
Fenestrated
|
|
What are pituicytes?
|
Astrocyte-like cells that support the surrounding neurosecretory axons of the posterior pituitary.
|
|
What is pineal gland composed of and what do they release?
|
Pinealocytes release Melatonin.
|
|
What is the function of melatonin?
|
Regulate circadian rhythms.
|
|
What concretions do you find in teh pineal gland?
|
Brain sand (Corpora aranacea)
Unknown function, can bee seen on X-ray. |
|
What are the embryonic origin of adrenal cortex?
|
Mesoderm
|
|
What are the embryonic origin of adrenal medulla?
|
Neural crest ectoderm
|
|
What cells are found in the zona fasciculata?
|
Spongiocytes
|
|
What are the 2 type of cells you find in the thyroid?
|
- Follicular epithelium
- Parafollicular epithelium |
|
What are the 2 type of cells you find in the parathyroid?
|
- Principal (Chief) Cells
- Oxyphil Cells |
