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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 layers of the eyes?
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- Corneoscleral layer
- Uvea - Retina |
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What are the 3 retional parts of uvea?
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- Choroid
- Ciliary body - Iris |
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What are the 3 main chambers of the eyes
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- Anterior chamber
- Posterior chamber - Ocular (vitreous) chamber |
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What fluid do you find the chambers of the eyes?
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- Aqueous humor in anterior/posterior chamber
- Vitreous humor in ocular chamber |
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What are the layers of cornea?
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- Anterior (corneal) epithelium
- Bowman membrane - Substantia propria - Decemet membrane - Corneal endothelium |
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What produces the aqueous humor?
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- Inner non-pigmented cell layer of ciliary epithelium and small underlying capillaries
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What path does the aqueous humor flow?
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Ciliary epithelium --> Between lense and iris --> Pupillary aperture --> Anterior chamber --> Irido-corneal angle --> Canal of Schlemm
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What is the iris covered by?
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Anterior: Stroma w/ fibroblast & melanocytes
Posterior: Double layer of pigmented cuboidal epithelium |
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What 2 muscles are found in the iris?
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- Constrictor pupillae
- Dilator pupillae |
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What is the lens composed of?
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- Anterior: Simple cubiodal (lens)
epithelium - Interior: Lense fibers (Elongated columnar epithelial cells) |
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How is the lens attached?
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Zonular fibers attach to ciliary body
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What does constriction of ciliary body cause?
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Rounding of lense
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What is the epithelium of the ciliary body made out of? What is it continuous with?
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Double layer of cuboidal epithelium:
- Outer pigmented layer continuous with retinal pigmented epithelium - Inner non-pigmented cell layer |
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What is the transition point of ciliary epithelium to neural retinal called?
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Ora serrata
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What is the basement membrane for retinal pigment epithelium?
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- Bruch's membrane
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What is the center of focused vision
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- Macula lutea
- Fovea centralis |
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What do you find in rods and cones?
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Rods: Rhodopsin
Cones: Iodopsin |
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What covers the inside of the eyelid?
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- Palpebral membrane
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What is the conjunctiva composed of?
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Stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
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What are the sebaceous gland found in the eyelids?
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Meibomian gland
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What is the tough internal plate of fibrous connective tissue in the eye lid called?
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Tarsal plate
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What type of gland is lacrimal gland?
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Tubulo-acinar serous gland
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What are the external ear made up of?
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- Auricle (Pinna)
- External auditory meatus |
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What are otoconia composed of?
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Calcium carbonate crystals
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What bone is the inner ear located?
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Petrous part of the temporal bone
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Where is the scala vestibuli connected to the scala tympani?
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Helicotrema
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What are the 3 chambers of cochlea?
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- Scala vestibuli
- Scala media (Cochlear duct) - Scala tympani |
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What are the walls in the scala media chamber?
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Roof: Reissner's membrane
Lateral wall: Stria vascularis Floor: Organ or corti |
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What epithelium line the eustachian tube?
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Respiratory membrane
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What glands do you find in external auditory canal? What do they produce?
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- Sebaceous gland
- Ceruminous gland Produce: - Earwax (Cerumen) |
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What is the dense fibrous connective tissue under ovarian epithelium called?
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Tunica albuginea
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What type of cell is ovarian epithelium?
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Simple cuboidal
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What are primordial follicles composed of?
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Primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells
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In the primary multi-laminar follicular phase what surrounds the oocyte?
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Zona granulosa
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During primary multi-laminar follicular phase what develops between the oocyte and follicular cells?
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Zona pellucida
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What is characteristic about secondary follicules?
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- Follicular antrum
- Theca folliculi develops into 2 layers (Theca interna, externa) |
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In the graafian follicles what is the oocyte surrounded by?
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Corona radiata
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What attaches corona radiata to zona granulosa
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Cumulus oophorus
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What does a involuted corpus luteum become?
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Corpus albican
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What are the smooth muscles surrounding oviduct?
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- Inner circular
- Outer lognitudinal |
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What are the 2 type of cells on the oviduct epithelium?
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- Ciliated cells
- Secretory cells (Peg cells) |
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What type of cell is the oviduct epithelium?
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Simple columnar epithelium
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What is the exocrine function of the testis and what cell is responsible for it?
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- Production of spermatozoa by sminiferous tubules
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What is the endocrine function of the testis and what cell is responsible for it?
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- Production of testosterone by interstitial cells of Leydig
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In spermatids, what is the dark vesicle in EM?
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Juxtanuclear golgi complex with acrosome
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What are the function of sertoli cells?
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- Blood-testis barrier
- Phagocytosing spermatid remnants |
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What kind of mitochondria does leydig cells have?
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Tubulovesicular mitochondria
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Where are rete testis found?
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Mediastinum testis
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What type of epithelium are found in rete testis?
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Simple cuboidal epithelium
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What is the function of epidiymis?
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- Spermatozoa storage
- Maturation |
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What kind of duct is found in the epididymis?
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Pseudostratified
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What cells are found in the pseudostratified duct of the epididymis?
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- Basal stem cells
- Principle cells |
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What does principle cells have on the surface?
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- Apical stereocilia (Inc SA)
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How many layers of smooth muscle does vas deferens have?
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3
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What does lamina propria of vas deferens have?
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Elastic fibres
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What epithelium does vas deferens have?
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Pseudostratified with basal stem cells and principle cells
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What is the epithelium of seminal vesicle called?
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Secretory epithelium
- Psudostratified with non-ciliated columnar cells |
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What kind of gland do you find the prostate?
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Compound tubuloalveolar glands
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What stroma do you find in the prostate?
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Fibromuscular stroma
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What kind of epithelium is in the prostate?
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Pseudostratified epithelium
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What is the function of prostate?
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Secretion of enzymes and other substances that contribute to the liquefaction of semen
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What do you find in the prostate with advancing age?
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Prostatic concretions
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How does the epithelium change in the penile urethra?
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From stratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium
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What glands do you find around the penile urethra?
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Glands of Littre
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What sensory organ do you find on the penis?
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Pacinian corpuscle
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What are the 2 layers of the endometrium?
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- Functional layer
- Basal layer |
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What are the smooth muscles found in the uterus?
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- Inner
- Middle (Stratum vasculare) - Outer |
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What does the endometrial epithelium synthesize during the secretory phase?
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Glycogen
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What are characteristic of proliferative phase?
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- Tubular glands (Straight to coiled)
- Mitotic figures (Late phase) - Loose to dense |
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What are characteristic of secretive phase?
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- Glycogen synthesis
- Spiral/saw-tooth glands - Basal vacuolation of glands |
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When do you see basal vacuolation?
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Day 16
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At 20 week gestation what is the placental membrane consist of?
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- Syncytiotrophoblast
- Connective tissue of villi - Endothelium |
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What ground substance surrounds the umblical cord?
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Wharton's jelly
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How does the epithelium change at the cervix?
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Simple columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium
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What kind of epithelium is found in the vagina?
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Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
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What kind of fillaments do you find the keratinocyte?
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Tonofilaments
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What are the granules in langerhan cells?
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Birbeck granules
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What component of the eccrine duct is in the epiderm?
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Acrosyringium
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What nerves control the Apocrine, Ecrrine and sebaceous glands?
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Apocrine: Adrenergic sympathetic
Eccrine: Cholinergic sympathetic Sebaceous: Steroid hormones |
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What are the 2 artery plexus in the skin?
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- Superficial dermal capillary plexus
- Deep cutaneous plexus |
