Y2B1- Pharm Agonists and antagonist

vasoconstriction, mydriasis, relaxation of GI smooth muscle (except sphincters), thick viscid salivary secretions, hepatic glycogenolysis, decreases renin release, and ejaculation

HINT: Very Manly Guys Rarely Require Ejaculatory Training
V- Vasoconstriction
G- Glycogenolysis
R- Relaxation
R- Renin
E- Ejaculation
T- Thick

inhibition of transmitter release (including NE and Ach relase from autonomic nerves), platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, inhibition of insulin release and ejacultion

HINT: PIVIE
P- Platelet
I- Inhibits neurotransmitters
V- Vasoconstriction
I- Inhibits insulin
E- Ejaculation

increased cardiac rate and force, increases renin release

bronchodilation, vasodilation, relaxation of visceral smooth muscle, hepatic glycogenolysis and skeletal muscle tremor

lipolysis

Vasodilation due to B2 receptors

B2, B1

vasoconstriction, mydriasis, relaxation of GI smooth much (except sphincters), thick viscid salivary secretions, and hepatic glycogenolysis, decreases renin release and ejaculation. ------ all of the main effects of alpha 1

This is because both alpha 1 and Beta 2 are activated, but the alpha effects predominant at high doses.

epinephrine increases blood flow to the skeletal muscle due to the powerful B2 mediated vasodilator action which is partially counteracted by vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors

alpha 1 and 2, and Beta 1

alphas > beta1

epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol, and oxymetazoline

Beta 1 and 2

oxymetazoline (Alpha 1 and 2 receptors)

hypersensitivity reactions, cardiac resuscitation, relieve bronchospasm in asthma, dec IOP glaucoma, topical hemostatic, adjunct in local anesthetic

because it is rapidly inactivated by the Monoamine oxidases (MAO) and the catechol-methyl- transferases (COMTs).

rapid; short

HTN, tachycardia, reflex bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, tremor, hyperglycemia

reverses hypotension in shock

Intramuscularly or Subcutaneously

treatment of asthma and cardiac resusitation

no, some tissues have a t 1/2 = 2 hours

tachycardia, dysrhythmias, tremor

nasal decongestant- short relief

same as epi: HTN, tachycardia, reflex bradycardia, ventricular arrhythmias, tremor, hyperglycemia.

constricts the small arterioles supplying the nasal mucosa, decreasing secretions.

FALSE

you lose efficacy with chronic use: desensitization of alpha receptors

intense constriction can damage the nasal mucosa, rebound hyperemia and worsening of symptoms

phenylephrine

nasal decongestant, mydriasis (w/o loss of accommodation), short term hypotensive emergencies or to maintain BP during spinal anesthsia

vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa, contraction of radial diameter

narrow angle glaucoma

it is less potent, but has a longer duration of action than EPI and NE.

clonidine and apraclonidine

hypertension and for addicts in withdrawal from alcohol, narcotics and tobacco.

prevents increase in sympathetic activity and cravings: acts at PRESYNAPTIC A2 receptors --> decrease norepi synthesis --> DECREASE SYMPATHETIC TONE.

MAIN EFFECT= lower BP by acting at nuclei in the lower BRAINSTEM to decrease sympathetic outflow to the heart and to vasculature --> vasoconstriction (d/t cross talk of a1 at postsynapse).

true

IV- transient increase in BP
Orally- hypotensive agent

it crosses the BBB. to avoid it we prescribe Transdermal patch in order to decrease CNS side effects

rebound hypertension

dry mouth, sedation (in 50% of pts and generally only initially), bradycardia and sexual dysfunction

open-angle glaucoma

constriction of blood vessels to eye --> decreased synthesis of aqueous humor

timolol followed by iopidine and pilocarpine

dopamine and dobuatmine

Beta 1 and Renal receptor D1

- improve cardiac and renal function in CHF and renal failure pts
- cardiogenic and septic shock: only after hypovolemia has been corrected

on B1: positive inotropy (increasing the strength of a muscle contraction)
on D1: inhibits Na pump and Na-H exchanger --> naturesis and dieresis
also causes vasodilation via D1 in the renal, mesenteric and coronary vasculature.

in the proximal tubule of the kidney

CHF, MI, short term management of cardiac decompensation after cardiac surgery

increase in CO and SV w/ o marked increase in HR or BP

albuterol, salmeterol, ritodrine

tremor, decreased plasma K+ concentration, increased plasma glucose concentration

symptomatic relief in asthma and COPD

bronchodilation

acts w/n 15 min and persists 2-3 hours

symptomatic relief of bronchospasm in COPD - nocturnal asthma

bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory

onset is slow (30min- 1hr), prolonged duration of action (>12 hours)

to arrest premature labor; IV

uterine relaxation

phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine

orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia (increase NE release d/t presynpatic alpha 2 block), vertigo, sexual dysfunction

tx of pheochromatocytoma (adrenal medulla cancer)

irreversible antagonist- decreased preload

prazosin and tamsulosin

HTN, CHF and BPH

- blocks a1 in arteries and veins --> decreased preload
-in CNS suppresses sympathetic outflow (postsynaptic alpha 1 blocked).
-favorable effects on lipid profile (decreased LDL and TG, incHDL)

lack of alpha 2 antagonism

1st dose phenomena: marked postural hypotension and syncope-minimize effect by limiting initial dose and give time for system to adapt.

symptomatic relief of urethra obstruction in BPH (sx: weak stream, freq urination, nocturia)

blocks A1 receptors on trigone, internal sphincter and prostate SM-- causing a relaxation of those muscles.

for asthma and COPD

Propanalol and timolol

tx: of HTN, exercise induced angina, arrhythmia, CHF, MI, thyrotoxicosis, migraine prophylaxis

blocks sympathetic activation of the heart which decreases afterload and CO.
decreases renin release and Ang II in the kidneys.

tx of open angle glaucoma

decreases IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production in the ciliary body

atenolol

treatment of heart stuff with less bronchoconstriction

non-specific bronchoconstriction

blocks A1 receptors on trigone, internal sphincter and prostate SM-- causing a relaxation of those muscles.

for asthma and COPD

Propanalol and timolol

tx: of HTN, exercise induced angina, arrhythmia, CHF, MI, thyrotoxicosis, migraine prophylaxis

blocks sympathetic activation of the heart which decreases afterload and CO.
decreases renin release and Ang II in the kidneys.

tx of open angle glaucoma

decreases IOP by decreasing aqueous humor production in the ciliary body

atenolol

treatment of heart stuff with less bronchoconstriction

non-specific bronchoconstriction

carvedilol, labetalol

B-blockers with additional effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, membrane stabilizing properties (blocks Ca entry, opens K+ channels).

B2 agonist properties, alpha 1 blockers

FALSE

decreases

betaxolol, celiprolol, nebiprolol

desoxyn, dexedrine, and retalin

narcolepsy, ADHD, ADD, appetite suppressant

increase release of dopamine and other biogenic amines. It also inhibits dopamine vesicular transporters which inhibits uptake and inhibits MAO.

orally. Can cross the BBB

ephedrine

agonist at all adrenergic receptors

use in OTC cold medications

increases release of dopamine and NE

it crosses the BBB and is a potent CNS stimulant

arrhythmias, headache, hyperactivity, insomnia, nausea, and tremors

methyldopa (aldomet) and alpha-methyl P tyrosine (metyrosine)

hypertenstion in pregnancy

false transmitter precursors; turns into methyl-NE

orally; slowly and excreted slowly

hypotension, drowsiness, diarrhea, impotence, hypersensitivity rxns

anti-htn agent; occasionally in pheochromocytoma (adrenal medullary cancer)

inhibits tyrosine hydroxylase; inhibits NE synthesis

hypotension, sedation

monoamine inhibitors and COMT inhibitors

phenelzine, tranylcypromine, selegiline

HINT: PHEel TRANscient SErenity

MAOIs are used to treat depression

entacopone and tolcapone

HINT: AL CAPONE caused the COps of MeTropolitan NY some issues