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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two main causes of low birth weight?
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Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction
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How long does normal grief typically last after the death of a loved one?
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6 months to 1 year
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What is the approximate age of a child who has developed a conscience?
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6 to 11 years (superego)
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True or False? Men 65-74 years of age have the highest suicide rate in the United States.
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True
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True or False? More than one stage of grief can be present at any one time.
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True
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True or False? Bladder control improves with adult aging.
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False; bladder control worsens with aging
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If a newborn grimaces when stimulated at birth, what is the Apgar score for grimace (reflex irritability)?
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1
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What Tanner stage involves adult development and the areola no longer being raised in females?
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Tanner stage 5
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If a newborn appears blue or pale, has a pink trunk, or is pink all over, what are its Apgar scores, respectively?
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0 for blue or pale; 1 for pink trunk; 2 for pink all over
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What is the approximate age of a child who can play Ring Around the Rosie with others?
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3 years (group play)
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What is the approximate age of a child who can understand the concept of death?
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6 to 11 years
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At what age does Babinski's reflex disappear?
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15 months
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True or False? Pulmonary function declines with adult aging.
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True
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True or False? Low birth weight is associated with a greater incidence of physical problems.
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True
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who begins to realize he is a little boy?
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24 to 36 months (core gender identity)
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What types of sexual changes occur in elderly men?
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Slower erection/ejaculation, longer refractory period
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True or False? The number of awakenings during the night decreases in the elderly.
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False; the number of awakenings during the night increases
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What is the approximate age of an adolescent girl who has begun to form her own personality?
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11 years
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What five categories are assessed by an Apgar score?
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APGAR: Appearance (color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
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What is the approximate age of a child who is toilet trained?
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30 to 36 months (pee at age 3)
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What is the approximate age of an infant who can sit alone?
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7 to 9 months
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True or False? Intelligence declines with adult aging.
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False; intelligence does not decline with age
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What three experiences may patients with pathologic grief have?
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Depressive symptoms, delusions, and hallucinations
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Which of Piaget's stages marks the development of abstract reasoning?
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Formal operational stage
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How long does Piaget's sensorimotor stage last?
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From birth to 2 years of age
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At 1 minute after birth, a newborn appears blue, has a pulse of 90, has a grimace, is limp, and has irregular respirations. What is the Apgar score at 1 minute for this newborn?
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3
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Which of Piaget's stages lasts from 2-7 years of age?
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Preoperational stage
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What is the approximate age of an infant who can hold his or her head up?
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3 months
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What is the approximate age of an infant who has begun to walk?
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15 months
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What is the approximate age of a child who can ride a tricycle?
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3 years (rides 3 wheels at age 3)
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who can stack three blocks?
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12 to 24 months
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What is the youngest age at which an infant will turn toward a voice?
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Within the first 3 months
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If a newborn is holding his or her arms and legs at midline but has little spontaneous active movement of the limbs, what is the Apgar score for activity (muscle tone)?
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1
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What is the approximate age of a child who has a 200-word vocabulary?
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12 to 24 months
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Psychiatric disorders are found at (higher/lower) prevalence among the healthy elderly population.
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Lower
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True or False? Sexual interest declines among elderly individuals.
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False; sexual interest does not decrease with age
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What is the approximate age of an adolescent boy who has abstract reasoning ability?
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13 years (formal operations stage of cognitive development)
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What are the five stages of grief, according to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross?
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Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Grief, Acceptance ("Death Arrives Bringing Grave Adjustments")
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What is the approximate age of an infant who is anxious around strangers?
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7 to 9 months
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True or False? The five stages of grief progress in a predictable order.
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False; they do not always occur in a predictable order
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If a newborn is active at birth, what is the Apgar score for activity (muscle tone)?
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2
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Name four common medical conditions among the elderly.
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Arthritis, hypertension, heart disease, and osteoporosis
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At how many minutes after birth is an Apgar score assessed?
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At 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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True or False? Renal function declines with adult aging.
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True
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What is the approximate age of a child who has same-sex friends?
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6 to 11 years
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What is the approximate age of an infant who is anxious when separated from his or her mother?
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15 months
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What are the Apgar scores for respiration in a newborn?
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0 for no respirations; 1 for breathing irregularly; 2 for spontaneous, regular respirations
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True or False? Gastrointestinal function declines with adult aging.
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True
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What is the approximate age of an infant who can orient himself/herself to voice?
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Birth to 3 months
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Piaget's concrete operation stage takes place during what ages?
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Age 7-12 years
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What is the approximate age of a child who can read?
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6 to 11 years
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Piaget's preoperational stage is characterized by acquisition of _____ (motor/language) skills.
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Motor
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What is the approximate age of a child who can button buttons and/or zip zippers?
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4 years
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What is the approximate age of a child who can copy a cross?
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4 years
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What is the approximate age of an adolescent boy who has begun to form his own personality?
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13 years
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What types of sexual changes occur in elderly women?
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Vaginal shortening, thinning, and dryness
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What is the approximate age of a child who has a 900-word vocabulary?
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3 years
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What is the approximate age of a child who speaks in two-word sentences?
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2 years old
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What is the approximate age of an infant who has begun to speak a few words?
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15 months
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What Tanner stage involves the areola raising in females and the penis width increasing, the scrotal skin darkening, and the glans developing in males?
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Tanner stage 4
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Is the amount of time spent in rapid eye movement sleep increased or decreased among the elderly?
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Decreased
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who continues to search for a toy that you have put behind your back?
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12 to 24 months (object permanence)
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What Tanner stage involves pubic hair development, breast tissue elevation in females, and increased testes size in males?
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Tanner stage 2
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If a newborn is unresponsive to simulation at birth, what is the Apgar score for grimace (reflex irritability)?
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0
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What is a perfect Apgar score?
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10
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During which of Piaget's stages does thinking cease being egocentric?
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Concrete operational stage
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What is the approximate age of a child who, together with another child, builds a tower of blocks?
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4 years (cooperative play)
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At 1 minute after birth, a newborn has a pink trunk, a pulse of 130, coughs, has some activity, but irregular respirations. What is the Apgar score for this newborn?
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7
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If a newborn is breathing regularly at birth, what is the Apgar score for respiration?
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2
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who plays alongside, but not with, another toddler
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24 to 48 months (parallel play)
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What is the approximate age of an infant who smiles back at you?
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3 months
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What Tanner stage in males involves pubic hair becoming darker and curly and penis length increasing?
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Tanner stage 3
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What is the definition of low birth weight?
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<2500 g
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What are five major complications of low birth weight?
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Infection, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and persistent fetal circulation
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True or False? One may experience illusions during normal bereavement.
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True
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If a newborn grimaces and coughs when stimulated at birth, what is the Apgar score for grimace (reflex irritability)?
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2
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Is sleep latency increased or decreased in the elderly?
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Increased
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who can stack six blocks?
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18 to 24 months
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What are three symptoms indicative of pathological grief?
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Depression, delusions, hallucinations
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What is the approximate age of an infant who appears to recognize people?
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4 to 5 months
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How many categories are assessed by an Apgar score, and what is the maximum score for each category?
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Five categories; 2 points maximum for each category
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What type of thinking predominates in the preoperational stage?
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Magical thinking predominates with no "logical" thinking
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Which of Piaget's stages marks the start of logical thinking?
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Concrete operational stage
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True or False? Immune response improves with adult aging.
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False; the immune response worsens with aging
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What is the approximate age of a child who can hop on one foot?
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4 years
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Is the amount of time spent in slow-wave sleep increased or decreased in the elderly?
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Decreased
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What is pathologic grief?
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Grief that is excessively intense or prolonged or grief that is delayed, inhibited, or denied
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What is the approximate age of a child who can stack nine blocks?
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30 to 36 months (number of blocks stacked = age in years × 3)
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who has developed a rapport with his or her aunt?
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18 to 24 months (rapprochement)
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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, logical thinking is confined to _____ (concrete/abstract) concepts.
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Concrete
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What is the approximate age of a child who has imaginary friends?
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4 years
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What is the approximate age of an infant who has begun to crawl?
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7 to 9 months
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What is the approximate age of an infant who can sit when propped up?
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4 to 5 months
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At what age does the Moro reflex disappear?
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3 months
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What Tanner stage occurs during childhood and involves no secondary sex characteristics?
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Tanner stage 1
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What is the approximate age of an infant with a rooting reflex?
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Birth to 3 months
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At what age does Piaget's formal operational stage begin?
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Age 12 years
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What is the approximate age of a toddler who can climb stairs?
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12 to 24 months
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True or False? Fat composition decreases with adult aging.
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False; fat composition increases with aging
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What are four characteristic components of normal bereavement?
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Shock, denial, guilt, and somatic symptoms
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What is the approximate age of a child who can draw a stick figure?
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4 years (simple drawing)
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What is the approximate age of a child who identifies with the same-sex parent?
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6 to 11 years
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True or False? Adolescents reach the formal operations stage of cognitive development around the time that puberty occurs.
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True
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What is the approximate age of an infant who can roll from front to back?
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4 to 5 months
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During which of Piaget's stages does the infant engage in use of objects to obtain a goal and achieve an understanding of object permanence?
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Sensorimotor stage
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What is the approximate age of a child who can copy a line?
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3 years
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What are the Apgar scores for pulse in a newborn?
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0 for no pulse; 1 for <100 beats per minute; 2 for >100 beats per minute
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What is the approximate age of a child who has begun to speak in complete sentences?
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3 years
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True or False? Muscle mass decreases with adult aging.
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True
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If a newborn is limp at birth, what is the Apgar score for activity (muscle tone)?
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0
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True or False? Low birth weight is associated with a reduced incidence of emotional problems.
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False; low birth weight is associated with a greater incidence of emotional problems
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Which of Piaget's stages is described by "egocentric exploration of the world with the five senses"?
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Sensorimotor stage
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What is the approximate age of a child who can draw a circle?
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3 years
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