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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a mature male pig called?
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Boar
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What is a mature female pig called?
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Sow
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What is a newborn pig called?
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piglet
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What is a young male pig called?
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boar
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What is a young female pig called?
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gilt
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What is a castrated male pig called?
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barrow
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What is normal temp for a pig?
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102-103.6 (102.6)
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What is a normal pulse for a pig?
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60-80 bpm
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What ia a normal resp rate for pigs?
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8-13 rpm
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What is a pig snare?
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A long metal pole w/ a wire loop on the end - the loop is put over upper jaw only. The pig will pull against the restrainer resulting in a tug-of-war.
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Two methods of pig restraint?
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Pig snare and boards/canes
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What color pigs produce larger litters and are said to be better moms?
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White breeds
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What color pigs tend to be meatier and in general grow faster.
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Colored, non-white
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Re: pigs, "shire" refers to what?
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erect ears
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Of the pig breeds that we studied, what three are white?
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landrace, Yorkshire, and chester white
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What pig breed is black w/ a white belt?
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Hampshire
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What pig breed is red?
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Duroc
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What pig breed is white w/ black spots?
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spotted/spots
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Of the pig breeds that we studied, what two breeds are black with 6 white points?
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Poland china and Berkshire
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When do pigs reach puberty?
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6 mos
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When is the breeding season for pigs?
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year round
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What type of estrus cycle do pigs have? What kind of ovulators are they?
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continuously polyestrus, spontaneous ovulators
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What is the length of the estrus cycle in pigs?
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18-21 days
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What is the length of heat in pigs?
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2-3 days
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2 signs of heat in pigs
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vulva red & swollen, stands when pressure is applied ot back
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What is the most common method of breeding in pigs?
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natural
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What is the gestation length in pigs
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114 days (3 mos, 3 wks, and 3 days)
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What is parturition in pigs called?
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Farrowing
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How many litters do pigs average per year?
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1.8 litters
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What is the average pig litter size? Why this many?
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10-12 piglets - are only 12-13 teats
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Out of a litter, how many piglets usually end up being weaned?
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Average is 8
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5 steps for newborn piglet care
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Make sure it is breathing, dip umbilicus in iodine, notch ear for id, dock tail, clip needle teeth
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When are piglets weaned?
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3-5 weeks
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4 components of pig nutrition
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carbs, protein, vitamins/minerals, and water
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Where do carbs come from in a pig diet? Carbs area source of what?
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corn/barley/oats, they are a source of energy
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What is a source of protein in a pig diet? Protein is a source of what?
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soybean meal, source of amino acids
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What is source of vitamins and minerals in a pig diet?
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mineral mix
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What are the two methods of pig husbandry?
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open and closed herds
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In pig husbandry, what is an open herd?
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new pigs being added to farm continually
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In pig husbandry, what is a closed herd?
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"all in/all out" no new pigs added
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What are the 5 age groups of pigs?
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nursing, pre-starters, starters, growers, and finishing
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Age, and wt of nursing pigs
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birth - 3 wks of age, 2.7-10#
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Age, wt, and diet, of pre-starter pigs
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3-5 wks, 10-18#, "creep feed" - this is the time of weaning
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A sow's milk is only good until piglet reaches what age?
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4 weeks
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Age, wt, and diet of starter piglets
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5-10 wks of age, 18-50#, corn/soybean meal diet
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Age, wt, and diet of grower pigs
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10-16 wks of age, 50-120#, corn/soybean meal diet
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Age, wt, and diet of finishing pigs
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16-24 wks of age, 120-240#, corn/soybean meal diet
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Why is ventilation extremely important in pig housing?
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hign ammonia levels = high respiratory dz
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What are the three housing types for pigs?
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farrowing barn, nursery, and finishing barn
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Describe a farrowing barn
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for sow to give birth to piglets, 3x5 farrowing crates, barn temp at 68 degrees for sows, heat lamps for piglets
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Describe a pig nursery
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Where pre-starters (3-5 wks) are raised, 80-85 degrees, sorted into pens by age and size
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Describe a pig finishing barn
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Where pigs are raised until slaughter, cool temp, pens w/ slatted floors over pits w/ concrete apron, pigs sorted by age and size
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What are three pig production methods?
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farrowing unit, farrow to finish, finishing unit
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describe a farrowing unit
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farrow/wean, then sell weanlings
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describe a farrow to finish pig production method
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farrow/wean/finish then sell finished pigs to slaughter
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Describe a finishing unit method of pig production
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buy weanlings, finish for slaughter
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Pig dz - cause: virus signs: spontaneous abortions, mummified feti, and stillbirths prev: vax, keep a closed herd
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Porcine Parvovirus
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Pig dz - cause: virus signs: encephalitis, abortions/stillbirths/mummies pre: test & cull, and only vax if herd already +, cattle, sheep, and dogs can also acquire
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Pseudorabies (Aujezky's dz/mad itch)
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Pid dz - Cause: many varieties of E. coli Signs: severe yellow diarrhea in 2-14 day old pigs, dehydration Prev: Vax sow before farrowing, oral vax for piglets gives local GI immunity, autogenous vax
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Colibacillosis
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What two pig dzs are caused by a virus, cause diarrhea in nursing piglets and are prevented by vaxing the sows?
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Rota virus, and Coronavirus
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Pig Dz - Cause: Clostridium perfringens Signs: Bloody diarrhea in well-nourished piglets (usually when being weaned) Prev: Vax sows
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Clostridium perfringens (type c)
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Pig dz - Cause: virus Signs: diarrhea in piglets less than 10 days old Prev: vax sows
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Transmissible Gastroenteritis (TGE)
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Pig dz - Cause: treponema hyodysenteriae (spirochete) Signs: bloody diarrhea in pigs 3-4 mos old Prev: vax juv. pigs
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Swine Dysentery
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Pig Dz - Cause: Bordetella bronchiseptica Signs: destruction of nasal turbinates, predisposition to pneumonia Prev: vax pigs
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Atrophic rhinitis
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Pig dz - Cause: erysipelothrix Signs: arthritis, diamond-shaped skin rash Prev: Vax
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Erysipelas (diamond back dz)
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Pig dz - Cause: no water for 48 hours Signs: circling, puritis, blindness, paddling Prev: make sure pigs have water
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Salt toxicity (water deprivation)
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Pig dz - Cause: virus Signs: invades microphages of the lungs, suppresses immune defenses, respiratory signs, abortion, early farrowing, blue ears Prev: vax for + herds only, all in/all out husbandry
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PRRS porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome
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When are pigs castrated?
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2-3 weeks
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Method for castrating pigs
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no anesthesia, hang upside down, may hold head between thighs, cut over testicles, scrape vaginal tunic until it breaks
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When does an inguinal hernia usually occur? Tx?
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Usually occurs at castration Tx: push intestines back through inguinal canal, suture
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Cause of umbilical hernia? Tx?
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umbilical infection Tx: may surgically correct or ignore
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What is a rectal prolapse? Tx?
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prolapse of recum due to straining ("hog pile") Tx: can surgically correct or let rot off
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Scientific name of pig roundworm
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Ascaris suum
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Scientific name of pig lung worm
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Metastrongylus
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Scientific name of pig nodular worm
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Oesophagostomum dentatum
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Scientific name of pig stomach worm
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Hyostrongylus rubidus
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Scientific name of swine kidney worm
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Stephanurus dentatus
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Scientific name of pig whipworm
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Trichuris Suis
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Common name, habitat and signs of Ascaris Suum
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pig round worm, small intestines, milk spotted liver on post-mortem
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Common name, habitat, and signs of Metastrongylus
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pig lung worm, lungs, coughing
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For which pig parasite is the earthworm the int. host?
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Metastrongylus (lung worm)
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Common name, habitat, and signs of Oesophagostomum dentatum
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Pig nodular worm, lg intestines, nodules on walls of lg. intestines
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Common name, habitat, and signs of Hyostrongylus rubidus
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pig stomach worm, stomach, anemia
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Habitat and signs of Trichinella spiralis
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cysts in skeletal muscle, lameness/muscle pain
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Common name, habitat, and signs of Stephanurus dentatus
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swine kidney worm, kidneys/ureter, kidney damage leading to death
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Common name, habitat, and signs of Trichuris Suis
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pig whipworm, large intestines, diarrhea
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Three sites for blood collection in pigs
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Anterior vena cava, jugular vein, auricular vein
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Method for anterior vena cava draw
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animal on it's back, from right side toward left shoulder
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Where is the jugular vein?
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In the jugular furrow
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Where is the auricular vein?
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On ear
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What type of needle is used for auricular vein blood draw?
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18-20g butterfly catheter
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Where is an IM inj given on a pig?
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in neck - avoid ham and other expensive cuts of meat
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Size of needle for IM inj in a boar
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12-14g 1.5"
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Size of needle for an IM inj in a sow
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16-18g 1.5"
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Needle size for an IM inj in a piglet
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20-22g .5"
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Where is a SQ inj given in a pig?
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behind ear or under axilla
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How is an IN med administered in a pig? Used for what?
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Intranasal, placed in nose on inspiration, used against atrophic rhinitis/E.coli
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