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43 Cards in this Set

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What are the six parts of the axial skeleton?
Skull, Mandible, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
What are the six bones of the neurocranium? Which are unpaired?

***NEED TO KNOW THE PAIRED/UNPAIRED***
Neurocranium = brain case

Occipital bone - unpaired
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Temporal bone
Sphenoid bone - unpaired
Ethmoid bone - unpaired
What are the nine bones of the splanchnocranium?
Splanchnocranium = facial bones

Incisive bone
Nasal bone
Maxillary bone
Vomer bone
Nasal conchae
Palatine bone
Pterygoid bone
+/- Zygomatic bone
+/- Lacrimal bone
What are the three skull shapes of canines and felines?
Dolichocephalic
Mesaticephalic
Brachycephalic
What four bones fuse to form the occipital bone?
Supraoccipital, exocipital, basioccipital, and interparietal bones (which fuses prenatally with the occipital bone).
What courses through the foramen magnum?
The spinal cord, accessory n., and basilar a.
What muscle originates at the paracondylar (jugular) process?
Digastricus m.
Where does the orbital ligament attach?
The zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the frontal process of the zygomatic bone.
Where is the frontal sinus located?
What are it's three parts?
It's located between the outer and inner tables of the frontal bone and is made up of the lateral, rostral, and medial parts.
What bone makes up the main portion of the temporal fossa?

What structure inside the brain cavity does it contribute to?
The parietal bone makes up the largest part of the temporal fossa.

It also contributes to the tentorium osseum.
What bones form the temporal fossa?

What muscle originates there?
The parietal, frontal and temporal bones make up the temporal fossa.

The temporalis muscle originates there.
What bones form the tentorium osseum?

Where is it located?
The parietal and occipital bones.

It is located between the cerebrum and cerebellum.
The temporal bone is made of three portions. What are they?

Which is the hardest bone in the body?
The squamous, petrous, and tympanic portions.

The petrous bone is the hardest bone in the body.
What are the three divisions and their parts of the temporal bone?
The zygomatic process of the zygomatic arch, the mandibular fossa, and the retroarticular process.

The tympanic part of the tympanic bulla (filled with air), and the external acoustic meatus.

The petrous part of the inner ear and mastoid process.
What part of the ear is the tympanic bulla a part of?

What fills the tympanic bulla?

***NEED TO KNOW THIS***
It is part of the middle ear and is filled with air.
Name what forms the zygomatic arch.

What muscle is the zygomatic arch the origin of?
The temporal process of the zygomatic bone.
The zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

The masseter m. originates from the zygomatic arch.
What form the margins of the orbit?
Medial wall of the orbit – frontal, presphenoid, lacrimal bones
Ventral wall of the orbit – zygomatic salivary gland and pterygoid mm.
Dorsal and lateral walls of the orbit – temporalis m.
What courses through the infraorbital canal?
The infraorbital artery and nerve.
Where does the caudal palatine foramen come out?

What cavity does the sphenopalatine foramen exit into?
The major and minor palatine foramen in the hard plate.

The sphenopalatine foramen exits into the nasal cavity.
What bones form the nasal aperture?
The incisive and nasal bones.
What are the openings in the presphenoid bone?

What are the openings in the basisphenoid bone?

What opening passes between the presphenoid and basisphenoid bones?
The optic canal and foramen passes through the presphenoid bone.

The oval foramen, round foramen, and alar canal pass through the basisphenoid.

The orbital fissure opens between the presphenoid and basisphenoid bones.
What nerves pass through the orbital fissure?
CN 3, 4, 5, 6
What canal does CN II pass through?
Optic canal.
What artery and nerve pass through the rostral alar foramen?
The maxillary artery and maxillary branch of CN V
What passes through the caudal alar foramen in the dog and cat?
The maxillary artery passes through it in the dog.

It isn't present in the cat.
What nerve passes through the round foramen?
The maxillary branch of CN V.
What artery and nerve course through the oval foramen?
The middle meningeal artery and mandibular branch of CN V.
What is the caudally protuding hook of the pterygoid bone called?
The hamulus.
What are the three parts to the ethmoid bone?
The ethmoidal labyrinth, the cribiform plate, the perpendicular plate (or the bony nasal septum).
What forms the pterygopalatine fossa?

What muscles originate from it?
The maxillary, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic, and pterygoid.

The medial pterygoid m. originates there.
What nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen?
The facial n. (CN VII)
What passes through the foramen lacerum?
The internal carotid artery.
What nerves and artery courses through the tympano-occipital fissure?
The internal carotid artery, CN IX, CN X, CN XI, and sympathetic nn. from the cranial cervical ganglion.
What nerve courses through the hypoglossal canal?
CN XII
What are the horizontal and vertical parts of the mandible called?
The body and ramus respectively.
What courses through the caudal, major and minor palatine foramen?
The major palatine a., v., and n.
What is the dorsal part of the ramus of the mandible called?
The coronoid process of the mandible.
What does the condylar process of the mandible articulate with?
The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
What makes up the temporomandibular joint?
It is made up the articulation of mandible with temporal bone.
What artery and nerve courses through the mandibular foramen and canal?

Which pass through the mental foramina?
The inferior alveolar artery and nerve.

The mental aa. and nn. course through the mental foramina.
Hit me up with the hyoid apparatus order.
Stylish epipens certainly bash thyroid.
What does the thyrohyoid bone articulate with?
The thyroid cartilage of the larynx.
What artery and nerve go through the optic canal?
The ophthalamic artery and optic nerve.