The army of Alexander the Great contained troops with spears in the left hand, on top of their shields (Everson 11). Alexander the Great was able to push the enemy back, because his shielded troops repelled the defenseless enemy with their spears. Although the Macedonian army were equipped with the Phrygian helmet, Alexander the Great equipped his soldiers with Boeotian helmet because they were lighter, allowed the troops to view the battlefield, provided protection, cheap to manufacture, and the troops were able to hear instructions
