Ancient Greek Polis Analysis

An Analysis of the Ancient Greek Polis The illustrious philosopher, Aristotle, provides a vantage point to the practicality of a polis in antiquity by defining it as a “... partnership finally composed of several villages…” that has “...attained virtually complete self-sufficiency and thus while it comes into existence for the sake of life, it exists for the good of life” (Camp). In a versatile attempt to foster a sense of community among citizens, the conception of the polis set into motion the development of organized society and political ideologies, further shaping our understanding of Greek anthropology in antiquity. During the Classical Period, a multitude of sovereign Greek colonies with similar cultural beliefs underwent a merging …show more content…
From tyrannical to democratic institutions, the manner in which a particular polis maintained order was very dynamic, and adaptations were frequently implemented in response to a changing social environment, often due to imbalance of power or matters of war. Also, each city state had a constitution specific to their geographic jurisdiction; unlike the United States’ use of federalism, Greek poleis were not united under a conventional set of guidelines, but were rather united through similar language and religious practices. The natural susceptibility of Greek government allowed for modifications to be made; either in a controlled manner of popular vote, or through the revolt of tyrannicides such as Hipparchus and Hippias. Typically, an oligarchy, aristocracy, or monarchy proved to be the most efficient practice and often led to massive productivity through construction of temples and other civic edifices, improvements in water supply and distribution, and other advancements which wholistically benefitted the polis. However, these systems tended to favor the wealthy while silencing the voice of average citizens, putting them in an economic disadvantage, and deteriorating their political efficacy; traditionally, tyranny would subsequently follow. Both Pisistratus and Solon are excellent examples of Athenian political reformers who advocated for equality by enacting legislature that made debt slavery illegal and improving the quality of life for those previously at a monetary disadvantage. In 508 BCE, another political reformer by the name of Kleisthenes rose to power by dismantling an aristocratic oligarchy, and instituted a democracy, as well as a three part government system with equal power, in Athens. This system was composed of the ekklesia, boule, and the prytany, in which legal citizens were obligated to participate in. Athens also pioneered the standard of an