Leininger (1991) cultural competence is an essential component of nursing, it guides behavior into satisfactory approach for the people in a particular group such as culture originates and develops within the communal structure through interpersonal communications. For a nurse to successfully give care for a client of a diverse cultural or ethnic practice, efficient intercultural communication, understanding, respect and acknowledgement for the individuality and variance of patients beliefs, values, spirituality and cultural concerning illness must be taken place. The nurse role is also to determine the patient’s cultural tradition and language skills, if their beliefs related to the cause of the patient’s illness, to evaluate the patient’s attitude concerning ethnic nursing care, self-evaluation help the nurse to be more comfortable when giving care to patient from different culture, understand the impact of culture, ace and ethnicity on the progress of social emotional relationship, attitude toward health and socioeconomic status as well as the religious practice of the family and the effect on their health promotion but always individualized care. In this theory Leininger identifies three nursing decision and actions modes to attain culturally consistent care 1. Cultural preservation or maintenance 2. Cultural care accommodation or negotiation 3. Cultural care repatterning or …show more content…
To measure outcomes of programs to promote multicultural awareness in Nursing Profession in an appropriate and reliable way, Cultural Awareness Scale is used. Cultural Awareness Scale identifies validity and differences in cultural awareness among students of different level of educational and experiences. The Scale is used to assess the knowledge of Nurses regarding cultural awareness. In Cultural Awareness Scale multidimensional categories are identified to use as blueprint in measuring Cultural Awareness. The scale is composed of categories regarding the assessment of participant’s awareness of culture and response format that answers each given