A possible chemical reason that this experiment yielded less than 100% cyclohexanone was due to the spontaneous decomposition of sodium hypochlorite, 2NaOCl = 2NaCl + O2, which decreased the amount of reactant present in the initial reaction when hypochlorous acid was formed, which was the oxidizing agent required to oxidize cyclohexanol into cyclohexanone. Sodium hypochlorite decomposed into O2 and NaCl due to a multitude of factors such as exposure to high temperatures, prolonged storage time or sunlight exposure. If a large enough quantity of the sodium hypochlorite was decomposed to limit the reaction that produced hypochlorous acid, the quantity of cyclohexanone produced may be affected. This would have resulted in a decrease in the production…
Experiment 5: Separating Ferrocene and Acetylferrocene by Adsorption Column Chromatography AIM The primary goal of this experiment is to separate ferrocene and acetylferrocene using adsorption column chromatography. Additionally, a dry pack method with a micro scale column will be implemented, and the percent recovery for each compound will be computed. TABLE OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND HAZARDS WITH STRUCTURES Ferrocene: - Physical Property: Solid Molecular Weight: 186.04 g/mole Boiling Point: 249 °C Melting Point: 173.5 °…
Dehydration is known as the process of removing water. During chemical dehydration covalent sigma bonds are broken into a hydroxyl group and a covalent sigma bond is broken to a hydrogen on an adjacent atom. A covalent pi bond forms between the two atoms on which the OH and H are bound and therefore chemical dehydration forms a new water molecule along with a new double bond. In this experiment 2-methycyclohexanol will react with phosphoric acid, the phosphoric acid will act as a catalyze.…
Identifying an Unknown Compound Using Various Chemical Analysis Techniques Joshua Nash and Aquilla Young Abstract The introduction of this lab report exposes the reader to the different scientific concepts that are to be used such as melting point calculations, retention factors, and solubility in various aqueous solutions. The experimental provides the basics of using a melting point apparatus, determining solubility, and performing thin layer chromatography. In the results section the findings of my experimental are tabulated and presented in a well-organized manner so that the reader can understand how each value was calculated.…
This month I read the book The Compound by S.A Bodeen. This book was well written and fast paced, I like the suspense and the voice. I, however, thought that some of the plot points were a little predictable and at some points even drawn out. Overall I would rate this book an 8/10. In this book Eli and his family are forced into an underground bunker after a nuclear bomb leaves them shell-shocked and heartbroken.…
Citicoline: Citicoline is a natural chemical, which develops in the body. It plays an important role in managing the health of the brain. While, it has got a reputation of being sold as a supplement in the U.S., Citicoline has got a popularity as a drug in the rest of the world. People who are suffering with blood flow problems in their brain are the prime users of this health supplement. It is widely used to help to sharpen thinking ability to a great extent.…
“Catalytic Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Methanol: A Review Of Recent Studies.” Chemical Engineering Research & Design: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Part a 92.11 (2014): 2557-2567. Academic Search Complete. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.…
The knowledge regarding the biological causes of depression is somewhat rudimentary compared to other illness due to the lack of thorough knowledge regarding the complexities of the human brain. However, the monoamine theory, hypothesizes that a predisposition to depression can occur in individuals whose serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine have been depleted (Bunney & Davis 1965; Delgado 2000; Hirschfield 2000) Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are neurotransmitters responsible for regulating mood, focus and motivation by carrying chemical signals from one part of the brain to another, however, in depressed patients, these signals are low or interpreted and hence fail to function effectively. The two pieces of evidence which support the monoamine theory is the effect of reserpine on brain activity and the…
For the next two weeks, the objective of this lab is to explore EAS reactions. These reactions are possible spots on a benzene ring for substituting electrophiles due to compounds that are already on the ring. There are three types of directing substituents. The first one is a para-director which guides the second substituent on the opposite side of the benzene ring. The second director, which corresponds with para-directors, is the ortho-director.…
Naloxone Naloxone is something that not a lot of people have heard of until the past year. Naloxone is an opiate overdose reversal drug. With the heroin problem that the United States has right now it is making the naloxone usage rates hit an all time high. Naloxone is a drug that if given quick enough to somebody who suffers from an opiate overdose it will reverse the effects of the opiate, and could save a life. Police, paramedics, and many others are who have access to naloxone.…
CONTENTS RESEARCH QUESTION How does the length of carbon chains, specifically those related to alkanols, namely ethanol 1- propanol and 1- butanol, affect the heat of combustion? AIM To investigate how the length of carbon chains affect the heat of combustion and enthalpy, in order to determine which fuel would be the safest and most efficient to take on a camping trip. HYPOTHESIS If the number of carbon atoms in an alkanol is increased, then the alkanol containing the longest carbon chain will have a higher heat of combustion, because as there are more carbon atoms, more energy will be released as a result of the breaking of the covalent bonding and the forming of bonding as the final product. INTRODUCTION…
Acetaminophen is one of the most widely used analgesics and anti-pyretics around the world1. Because of its safety, acetaminophen is the most common drug used in children for the relief of fever and pain2, 3. It is available in both oral (tablet & liquid) and rectal forms (suppositories). Various research studies have indicated that both forms have potential efficacy for the treatment of fever in children; however, there may be variations in administration, absorption and toxicity4-6. The oral form is the more common and acceptable form of administration among physicians.…
Methamphetamine has slowly become more and more prominent in the United States. The drug is highly addictive which makes it easy to be abused. One of the most prominent users of meth have become the Native Americans. Their struggle, that started thousands of years ago, has consumed their population and has caused them to live in hardship. This then is translated into drug abuse.…
All people have their own problems, some more drastic then others. A person may have poor eyesight, another may have muscle problems. Now, what if you have a bacteria infection; and wish to get rid of it? Then Tetracycline is the drug for you to be interested in. Tetracycline is a drug focused on greatly reducing the bacteria in an area of the body.…
The dehydration of Cyclohexanol requires going through an acid-catalyzed elimination of water for the synthesis of cyclohexane from cyclohexanol. To get cyclohexane from cyclohexanol you must remove the cycloalkane with fractional distillation, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and analyzed by GC data and the bromine test. The reaction we are trying to accomplish going from cyclohexanol to cyclohexene is a secondary alcohol going through an E1 reaction. This is the unimolecular elimination reaction in which Zaitsev’s rule applies where the most substituted alkene is formed.…