The study demonstrates how social work practitioners were principally picked on the basis of their knowledge and background in the field of social work practice with Muslim clients and communities. They used snowball sampling to non-randomly select the participants. According, to the researchers the data collection technique was through an active interview process that was dialogical, which contained semi-structures open-ended interviews that each lasted approximately two hours (Bradshaw, Graham, & Trew, 2010). The primary criticism of this study is how demographic information was not collected from the interview participant. Therefore, it wasn’t determined if possible implications of particular practitioner characteristics such as length of practice, age, level of education, and gender affected the outcomes of the study. Another critique is that all interviews were conducted in French and than later translated into …show more content…
However, readers must be aware of some methodological elements of this review such as that biases may have developed in the planning, data collection, and analysis phases of research of these studies. The research presented in this review mostly concentrated on the western media’s role of influencing Islamophobia in the post 9/11. Many of the studies did not emphasize how the role of Islamophobia in western media was evident prior to 9/11. Writer also observed that many of the studies might have been collected and reported in a way that expressed the researcher’s political views and objectives. It appeared that many studies already had a preconceived notion of what they would find in their research. Most of the researchers assumed that the western media had a active influence on the progression of Islamophobia. However, they didn’t examine if people formed their opinions about Islam and Muslims based on their own experiences or social interactions with members of those groups. It is visible that western media plays a key role as an institution that influences anti-Muslim sentiments, but it not singularly responsible for the development of Islamophobia. Therefore, one of the primary criticisms of the literatures is how scholars only presented information that supported their preconceived