Not unlike most cities of its era, Athens was experiencing growing problems. Increased conflicts between the social classes needed to be addressed. Athens, in response, allowed for a series of reforms to be enacted. Solon was empowered to begin these changes and give power to the people. Their freedom was key to the destiny of Athens.
Sparta maintained order through control. Their people were indoctrinated from the moment they were born. The lives of the people was secondary to their duty to the state. Service to the state came before