The Presidential Policy Directive (PPD-8) demands the development of our National Preparedness Goal that informs about the protection of American public from harm or risk-specific landscape of threats, hazards, vulnerabilities and adverse consequences caused by natural disasters, technological hazards, cyber-infrastructure threats, and terrorist threats. The role and responsibilities of Emergency Management professionals are driven by these risk-based catastrophes. (Introduction to Emergency Management, Second Edition, by Phillips. Neal, and Webb.)
The National Preparedness Goal (The Goal) demands (1) the development of core capabilities and resources to save lives, protect property and environment, (2) the development of the