When teaching children there are several types of teaching a parents might use for their child/children. An example of types of teaching a parents might use is positive and negative reinforcement, and punishment. These terms have different meanings on how they work when used to teach children. Kelly J. Bouxsein and Henry S. Roane have written an article relating to the effects of separate and combined positive and negative reinforcement on task compliance (2011). Also, Spencer A. Ruthus has written a psychology textbook “Psychology: Concepts and Connections,” where the fifth chapter is mainly about learning and the various kinds of ways of teaching (2013). Parents will often try to use various kinds of methods to teach their children but a
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This means that a positive reinforce is when something is presented to increase the action of an operant, and a negative reinforce is when something removed increases the action of an operant (Rathus, 2013). Bouxsein and Roane state that the combination of the reinforcements are most effective for increasing obedience in children due to an increased value of the two types of reinforcers (2011). This is natural, since a child might learn that if they do their chores, then they might get extra play time (positive reinforcement) and if they do not do their chores, then they will not get that extra playtime (negative reinforcement). A common misconception that is not made clear in Bouxsein and Roane’s article is that negative and positive reinforcement is not the same as reward and punishment (2011). Reinforcers are known by their effect on a child, whereas reward and punishment are known by how they feel (Rathus, 2013). Both positive and negative reinforcers are used to increase the likelihood of an action to increase, while a reward would make a child feel good to increase an action and a punishment would make a child feel bad to decrease an action (Rathus, …show more content…
In the experiment a boy with Down syndrome, who initially did not obey his caregiver, was tasked to throw away the instruction paper into a trashcan- if he did throw the trash in the can, then he had a short break with a praise and music (positive reinforcement), and if he threw the trash outside of the can, then he was not given these privileges (negative reinforcement) (Bouxsein & Roane, 2011). Since reinforcement was immediate (a break was/was not given in the same session) it was more effective, than it would have if it took long periods of time to present or not present a break time (Rathus, 2013). It is effective because the experiment was on a fixed-interval schedule, where each session took ten minutes (Rathus, 2013), and over time the compliance of the boy increased (Bouxsein & Roane, 2011). Even though there are many types of ways to teach and discipline a child, one that has shown the to be effective is the combination of positive and negative reinforcement (Bouxsein & Roane, 2011), which has to be more consistent to be effective, and is different than reward and punishment (Rathus, 2013). These types of reinforcements come naturally in our daily lives, like studying to do better in class (positive), and not partying before a test (negative). If a parent wants to know the best way to teach a child, then
This means that a positive reinforce is when something is presented to increase the action of an operant, and a negative reinforce is when something removed increases the action of an operant (Rathus, 2013). Bouxsein and Roane state that the combination of the reinforcements are most effective for increasing obedience in children due to an increased value of the two types of reinforcers (2011). This is natural, since a child might learn that if they do their chores, then they might get extra play time (positive reinforcement) and if they do not do their chores, then they will not get that extra playtime (negative reinforcement). A common misconception that is not made clear in Bouxsein and Roane’s article is that negative and positive reinforcement is not the same as reward and punishment (2011). Reinforcers are known by their effect on a child, whereas reward and punishment are known by how they feel (Rathus, 2013). Both positive and negative reinforcers are used to increase the likelihood of an action to increase, while a reward would make a child feel good to increase an action and a punishment would make a child feel bad to decrease an action (Rathus, …show more content…
In the experiment a boy with Down syndrome, who initially did not obey his caregiver, was tasked to throw away the instruction paper into a trashcan- if he did throw the trash in the can, then he had a short break with a praise and music (positive reinforcement), and if he threw the trash outside of the can, then he was not given these privileges (negative reinforcement) (Bouxsein & Roane, 2011). Since reinforcement was immediate (a break was/was not given in the same session) it was more effective, than it would have if it took long periods of time to present or not present a break time (Rathus, 2013). It is effective because the experiment was on a fixed-interval schedule, where each session took ten minutes (Rathus, 2013), and over time the compliance of the boy increased (Bouxsein & Roane, 2011). Even though there are many types of ways to teach and discipline a child, one that has shown the to be effective is the combination of positive and negative reinforcement (Bouxsein & Roane, 2011), which has to be more consistent to be effective, and is different than reward and punishment (Rathus, 2013). These types of reinforcements come naturally in our daily lives, like studying to do better in class (positive), and not partying before a test (negative). If a parent wants to know the best way to teach a child, then