Likewise, Chinese leaders influenced by Confucianism emphasize the importance of developing subordinates, resembling a characteristic of servant leadership, in contrast to Daoism, which considers these actions as useless. The philosophy of Legalism departs the philosophies of Daoism and Confucianism, believing that power and control is necessary for top leaders to implement laws, rewards and punishments. Therefore, the philosophy of Legalism is in concert with transactional leadership, which is contingent upon a system of order, resulting in rewards and punishments, contrasting the servant leadership model which seeks development and achievement of goals without seeking perfection, and leaders serve as stewards providing direction, (Ma & Tsui, …show more content…
Whereas, Confucianism is conducive of a less individualistic, less self-interested, and less adversarial mode of interaction focusing on others and the importance of personal relations. The hierarchy of power in China as demonstrated in transactional leadership contrast servant leadership, revealing an underling belief of the necessity of power in order to control their people. Indeed, it is neither individualist capitalism nor collectivist socialism, but a humanism that has accepted market economy without undermining the leadership of central government and rejected class struggle without abandoning the principle of equality,” (De Bettingies,