Kronen and Reitan seem to have defeated the doctrine of hell (DH), and so refocus their attention on pressing matters before concluding. First, the pair address alternatives to DH, namely the doctrine of annihilation (DA) and the doctrine of sorteriological annihilation (DSA). For the sake of brevity, I shall only discuss the former. Accordingly, Reitan and Kronen briefly consider DA, which holds that God mercifully grants and then carries out metaphysical annihilation of the damned. Further, DA is also seen as retributive justice for sin. However, this seems wrong because Kronen and Reitan already have shown ‘eternal joy’ with God to be a plausible choice for the damned, which will eventually come to fruition (pp. 161-63). Moreover, the demands
