Literature Review
History of Victimization
The gender gap related to the effects of violent crime remains relatively untouched in victimization literature. There are various factors that contribute to the effects of victimization making it difficult to yield accurate results. For example, physical capabilities, mental health conditions, and underlying problems can interfere with the findings. The use of proper controls for this type of research can be difficult to address and maintain. Although great limitations exist, the results might prove to be greater. Research by Lauritsen & Heimer (2008) identified the existence of a gender disparity in violent crime (intimate partner violence and assault). Furthermore, the victimization of women has …show more content…
Stress and anxiety manifest themselves in other ways that are harmful to the health and well-being of victims. Stress and anxiety causes sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances can range from insomnia, nightmares, sleep apnea, or trouble falling/staying asleep. Although there is very limited research on sleep loss and victimization, it is an area that is worthy of further study. Walker, Shannon, & Logan (2011) state that sleeping problems that arise from anxiety caused by victimization are harmful to overall health. Moreover, the negative effects produce: low functioning, productivity, and quality of life (Walker, Shannon, & Logan, 2011). The prevalence of sleep disturbances among victimized women was summarized in a study on violently victimized women. Sunders (1994) found that of nearly 200 battered women, 78% reported sleeping difficulties while 75% reported nightmares of the violence. Other studies on sleep disturbances and violent victimization return similar results. Kripke et al. (2002) found that physical violence experiences were a significant indicator of sleep loss among women even after proper controls were used. It was also noted that violently victimized women slept less than non-victims (Kripke, et al., 2002). The effects of violent victimization have a complex dynamic that extends farther than fear, stress, and anxiety. The overall health and well-being of violently victimized …show more content…
Mixed findings have resulted in the studies of the effects of intimate partner violence and parenting. Women acknowledged positive (increased compassion) and negative (impatience and irritability) effects in parenting after being abused by their partners (Levendosky, Graham-Berman, & Lynch, 2000). However, the consensus of prior research maintains partner violence negatively impacts an individual’s parenting skills (Begel et al., 2010). A study that aimed to provide a new perspective on the issue found that the continuance of partner violence affects the role of parenting, but women tend to overcompensate with positive behaviors (Letourneau, Fedick, Willms,
History of Victimization
The gender gap related to the effects of violent crime remains relatively untouched in victimization literature. There are various factors that contribute to the effects of victimization making it difficult to yield accurate results. For example, physical capabilities, mental health conditions, and underlying problems can interfere with the findings. The use of proper controls for this type of research can be difficult to address and maintain. Although great limitations exist, the results might prove to be greater. Research by Lauritsen & Heimer (2008) identified the existence of a gender disparity in violent crime (intimate partner violence and assault). Furthermore, the victimization of women has …show more content…
Stress and anxiety manifest themselves in other ways that are harmful to the health and well-being of victims. Stress and anxiety causes sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances can range from insomnia, nightmares, sleep apnea, or trouble falling/staying asleep. Although there is very limited research on sleep loss and victimization, it is an area that is worthy of further study. Walker, Shannon, & Logan (2011) state that sleeping problems that arise from anxiety caused by victimization are harmful to overall health. Moreover, the negative effects produce: low functioning, productivity, and quality of life (Walker, Shannon, & Logan, 2011). The prevalence of sleep disturbances among victimized women was summarized in a study on violently victimized women. Sunders (1994) found that of nearly 200 battered women, 78% reported sleeping difficulties while 75% reported nightmares of the violence. Other studies on sleep disturbances and violent victimization return similar results. Kripke et al. (2002) found that physical violence experiences were a significant indicator of sleep loss among women even after proper controls were used. It was also noted that violently victimized women slept less than non-victims (Kripke, et al., 2002). The effects of violent victimization have a complex dynamic that extends farther than fear, stress, and anxiety. The overall health and well-being of violently victimized …show more content…
Mixed findings have resulted in the studies of the effects of intimate partner violence and parenting. Women acknowledged positive (increased compassion) and negative (impatience and irritability) effects in parenting after being abused by their partners (Levendosky, Graham-Berman, & Lynch, 2000). However, the consensus of prior research maintains partner violence negatively impacts an individual’s parenting skills (Begel et al., 2010). A study that aimed to provide a new perspective on the issue found that the continuance of partner violence affects the role of parenting, but women tend to overcompensate with positive behaviors (Letourneau, Fedick, Willms,