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9.1: Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?
A) The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase.
B) Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.
C) The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries.
D) Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has a low carbon dioxide content.
9.2: What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?
A) Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate.
B) Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.
C) Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations.
D) The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
9.3: Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:
A) Low venous oxygen levels.
B) A decrease in arterial oxygen levels.
C) An increase in carbon dioxide in the blood.
D) Inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells.
9.4: A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:
A) A disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.
B) Ventilation is inadequate due to a traumatic injury or medical condition, which results in an impairment in pulmonary gas exchange.
C) Ventilation is compromised, resulting in the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, alveoli, and the tissues and cells of the body.
D) A traumatic injury or medical condition impairs the body’s ability to effectively bring oxygen into the lungs and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
9.5: You respond to the home of an unconscious female lying supine with snoring respirations. The most likely cause of her airway compromise is:
A) Swelling due to traumatic injury.
B) An anaphylactic reaction.
C) A foreign body lodged in her wind pipe.
D) The relaxation of her tongue into the back of her throat.
9.6: You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:
A) Perform a finger sweep of her mouth.
B) Ask your partner to apply cricoid pressure.
C) Roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.
D) Remove the oral airway and suction her oropharynx.
9.7: Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you must ensure that the:
A) One-way valve is sealed.
B) Flow rate is set at 6 L/min.
C) Patient has reduced tidal volume.
D) Reservoir bag is fully inflated.
9.8: You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:
A) Attempt to insert an oropharyngeal airway.
B) Assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.
C) Apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device and monitor his breathing.
D) Apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask
9.9: Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct?
A) The bag-mask device delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth-to-mask technique.
B) The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-mask device.
C) Bag-mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person.
D) Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.
9.10: The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:
A) Epiglottis.
B) Vallecula.
C) Cricoid ring.
D) Thyroid cartilage.
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