term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
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A01 Initiation
Gelkpf’s self-medication model
Addiction = a constant choice
View addictive behaviour = medicine from their problems e.g. stress
Conscious choice – may not work to relieve stress, but they perceive it to
Becker’s rational choice theory
Cost vs benefit analysis to perceive utility.
Costs e.g. smoking causes cancerBenefits e.g. temporary stress release
An addict will deem it as necessary as benefits weigh up cost.
A02
The self-medication model assumes that the individuals smoke or gamble because of a negative event that has preceded the addiction.
However, this cannot explain why people become addicted with no obvious need to self medicate.
A01 Maintenance
The behaviour has been established and it is now deemed valuable to the individual.
Gambling – social, exciting, money makingSmoking – routine and moment of calm
Cognitively benefits outweigh negatives.
Utility of smoking is increased
A01 Relapse
Withdrawal symptoms after abstinence
Life events/stressful day can cause addictive behaviour to be sought in
Ainslie found ‘cognitive myopia’
Where negatives of addiction become distorted until the individual acts irrationally.
Without gambling – boredom and lonelinessWithout smoking – stress
Relapse in media gives cognitive expectations that give somatic symptoms
People believe self-fulfilling prophecy and so just carry on
Griffiths (1994) supports Anslie’s cognitive myopia theory
Found addicts were unable to see when they lose as they are cognitively impaired.
They were unable to rationally comprehend that a fruit machine does not have freewill but is based on maintenance programming.
Winefield (1994) supports Anslie’s cognitive myopia theory
Looked at gamblers75% of game related thoughts were completely irrational and lead to increased risk taking to maintain arousal.
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