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Subclavius
ORIGIN:Rib 1
INSERTION: Clavicle
ACTION: Depresses and moves clavicle anteriorly and helps stabilize pectoral girdle
INNERVATION: Subclavian nerve
ANTERIOR THORACIC MUSCLE
Pectoralis minor
ORIGIN:Ribs 2–5, 3–5, or 2–4.
INSERTION: Coracoid process of scapula
ACTION:Abducts scapula and rotates it downward. RMA: Elevates ribs 3–5 during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed
INNERVATION: Medial pectoral nerve.
Serratus anterior
ORIGIN: Ribs 1–8 or 1–9
INSERTION: Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula
ACTION: Abducts scapula and rotates it upward. RMA: Elevates ribs when scapula is stabilized. Known as “boxer’s muscle” because it is important in horizontal arm movements such as punching and pushing
INNERVATION: Long thoracic nerve
Trapezius
ORIGIN: Superior nuchal line of occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, and spines of C7–T12
INSERTION: Clavicle and acromion and spine of scapula
ACTION: Superior fi bers upward rotate scapula; middle fi bers adduct scapula; inferior fi bers depress and upward rotate scapula; superior and inferior fi bers together rotate scapula upward; stabilizes scapula. RMA: Superior fi bers can help extend head
INNERVATION: Accessory (XI) nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3–C5
POSTERIOR THORACIC MUSCLE
Levator scapulae
ORIGIN: Transverse processes of C1–C4.
INSERTION: Superior vertebral border of scapula.
ACTION: Elevates scapula and rotates it downward
INNERVATION: Dorsal scapular nerve and cervical spinal nerves C3–C5
Rhomboid major
ORIGIN: Spines of T2–T5
INSERTION: Vertebral border of scapula inferior to spine
ACTION: Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula
INNERVATION: Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid minor
ORIGIN: Spines of C7–T1.
INSERTION: Vertebral border of scapula superior to spine.
ACTION: Elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula.
INNERVATION: Dorsal scapular nerve.
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