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Rotter and Mischel believe
Behaviour is not shaped by environment but by one's expectations of future events are determinants of performance
ex. girl feels unpopular so doesn't make new friends so doesn't try to be friendly to others
Rotter is an Interactionist they believe
People's cognitions, past histories, and expectations of future are keys to predicting behaviour
Mischel's cognitive social theory
Like bandora and Rotter,
Cognitive factors such as expectancies, subjective perceptions, values, goals, and personal standards, play important roles in shaping personality
Mischel's delay of gratification is
Research regarding the consistency or inconsistent of personality and working with Shoda on developing a cognitive-affective personality system.
Julian Rotter
Born 1916 in Brooklyn.
-In high school started reading Adler and Freud
-First got a degree in Chemistry but went into Psychology for masters and doctorate
-Rotter and Kelly were 2 most important members of psychology department at Ohio State
-He took a position at University of Connecticut
-Wrote Social Learning and Clinical Psychology plus other works
-Won APA Scientific Contribution Award
-Distinquished Contribution to clinical Psychology
Rotter's Social Learning Theory has 5 basic hypothesis
1.Humans interact with their meaningful environments, - Behaviour stems from interaction of environment and personal factors
2. Human personality is learned
3. Personality has a basic unity - new experiences are based of previous reinforcement
4. Motivation is goal directed - behaviour lies in peoples expectations that behaviour is leading them tho their goals
5. People are capable of anticipating events
Empirical law of effect
Reinforcement of an action, condition, or event which affects individuals movement toward a goal
Rotter's prediction of Specific Behaviour by looking at these 4 variables
1. Behaviour Potential
2. Expectancy
3. Reinforcement
4. Psychological situation
Rotter's Behaviour potential (BP) is
Likelihood that a given behaviour will occur in a particular situation
Behaviour potential is a function of both expectancy and reinforcement value
Rotter's idea of Expectancy (E) is
Expectancy (E) A person's expectancy of being reinforced
General Expectancy (GE) are learned through previous experience and have believe that behaviours will be followed by positive response. ex: College student works for high grades because in the past hard work and high grades was reinforced
Specific Expectancy's (E') ex: generalized expectancy of high grades with hard work buy may believe that an equal amount of hard work in a French class will go unrewarded.
Total expectancy is both generalized expectancy and one's specific expectancy. Total expectancy is amount of effort that will be used up in pursuit of goals.
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