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define: chiaroscuro
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treatment and use of light and dark to produce effect of modeling a figure
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define: sfumato
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smokelike haziness that subtly softens outlines of paintings
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name two exemplary artists who used sfumato in their paintings & the period that they produced their artworks
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Leonardo da Vinci and Correggio of High Renaissance period
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explain role of Neo-Platonism in art and its influence on an exemplary Renaissance artist
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idealism; Michelangelo's preoccupation with the human figure--man as the center of being--man was the reflection of the beauty of the soul. He worshipped the nude, but it was not indicative of secularism. Rather, for the Neoplatonist, it was a tribute to God's own beauty.
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define: fresco
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painting on plaster
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define: groin vault
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intersection of 2 barrel vaults at right angles
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define: ribbed groin vault
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diagonal and tranverse ribs compose structural skeleton in groin vault
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barrel vault
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tunnel vault; deep arch or uninterrupted series of arches
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clerestory
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fenstrated (arrangement of windows) part of building; rises above roofs.
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radiating chapel
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in Medieval churches, chapels for displaying relics; opened into ambulatory and transept
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transverse arch
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arch crossing nave or aisle at 90 degree angle
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lancet window
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in Gothic architecture, tall narrow window ending in pointed arch
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stigmata
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the wounds that Christ received at his crucifixion, which appear miraculously on a saint
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example of display of stigmata
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Bonaventura Berlinghieri's "St. Francis" year: 1235; Italo-Byzantine/Maniera-greca style
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linear/scientific perspective
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projecting illusion of 3D world onto 2D surfaces
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atmospheric perspective
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creates illusion of distance by color intensity gradient
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vanishing point
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all lines of projection converge on a point
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foreshortening
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use of perspective to represent visual contraction of object relative to viewer
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example of Early Renaissance artist using foreshortening
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"Dead Christ" by Mantegna
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contrapposto
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disposition of human figure; counterpositioning of body; weight shift
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diptych, triptych, polyptych
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2-panel, 3-panel, multiple panel altarpiece
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Courtly Style
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in Northern Gothic Art; elegant, detail, rich colors
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example of Courtly Style
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"The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry" by the Limbourg Brothers
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S-curve
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pose of figure; of Courtly Style; elegant softer pose
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iconography
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literally "writing of images"
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Vanitas symbol
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references to death in paintings
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continuous narrative
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convention of same figure appearing more than once in same space at different stages of the story
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pieta
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any scene of Virgin Mary mourning over dead body of Christ
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examples of pieta
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"Virgin with the Dead Christ (Rottgen Pieta"--(sculpture piece) Late German Gothic
"Avignon Pieta" by Quarton--(painting) Early Northern Renaissance
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ignudi
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decorative nude figures
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Abbot Suger
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abbot of Saint-Denis Church in France--birth of early French Gothic architecture
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Pope Julius II
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"greatest art patron of the papal line (reigned 1503-13) and one of the most powerful rulers of his age. Julius is most important for his close friendship with Michelangelo and for his patronage of other artists, including Bramante and Raphael. He commissioned Michelangelo's "Moses" and paintings in the Sistine Chapel and Raphael's frescoes in the Vatican.
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Pope Leo X
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aka Giovanni de Medici; patron of the arts; son of Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent).
The fame of Leo X is due to his promotion of literature, science, and art.
portrait of Pope Leo X by Raphael
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Pope Paul III
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aka Alessandro Farnese; learned of the Renaissance;
He lies buried in St. Peter's in the tomb designed by Michelangelo and erected by Guglielmo della Porta.
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The Medici Family
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of Florence; traced back to 12th century; great wealth in 13th century; fortune fell but restored by Giovanni de Medici made them the wealthiest family in Italy
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Lorenzo de Medici
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prominent patron of the arts in Renaissance period
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Giuliano de Medici
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Giuliano was a patron of the arts and letters. His statue, by Michelangelo, adorn his tomb in the Church of San Lorenzo, Florence
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Enrico Scrovegni
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wealthy Paduan (Padua, Italy) merchant; patron of Arena Chapel in Padua.
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Vitruvius
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the Roman architect which laid down precise rules governing the mathematical proportions used in the construction of buildings. Vitruvius drew parallels between these proportions and those of the ideal human figure, a concept famously illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci in his drawing of 'Vitruvian Man'.
influenced Renaissance period
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