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Advaita-Vedanta
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subsystem of Vedanta-Sutra developed by Sankara; says that Brahman is the ultimate reality, and the material universe is just Maya
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Agni
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earthly deity, considered to be most powerful earthly force; symbol of fire
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Arjuna
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One of the five brothers in the Bhagavad-Gita, hesitates before battle and talks to Krsna who says he must fulfill his duty; realizes Krsna is incarnate of Vishnu
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Aryan
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nomadic barbarians that originated in Russia, conquered the Dravidians
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asana
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postures; third stage of Classical Yoga
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Atharva-veda
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fourth of the four vedas; dealt with religious matters for the 4th social class (laborers); distinguished between sophisticated religion (formal) and folk religion (narratives, spells, omens)
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atman
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soul; also Brahman
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Bhagavad-Gita
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most famous and widespread section of the Mahabharata, which is one of the significant Hindu epics
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bhakti
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devotion
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Bhakti-yoga
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Yoga of Devotion; highest form of yoga, much like practices found in churches where people give themselves up wholly to receive moksa
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Brahma
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creator god of the Trimurti; source and seed of all things
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Brahman
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atman; the absolute power of the whole universe and is identical with the spirit of human beings
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brahmin
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priests; the second class in the class system
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Caitanya
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man who developed Bhakti yoga
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Darsanas
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philosophical systems; seeing / to see
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dharma
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duty in terms of social class
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Dravidians
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civilization rich in culture, but were conquered by the Aryans; some fled to the south and became Tamils, those left became the laboring class in the new class system
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Dvaita-Vedanta
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developed by Madhva; theory that Brahman+Universe=God; (Dual)
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Gandhi
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one of the founding fathers of the modern Indian state; He often stated his values were simple, drawn from traditional Hindu beliefs: truth (satya),
and non-violence (ahimsa)
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guru
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"learned one"; an expert at something
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Harappa
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one of the ancient cities that the Dravidians originated from
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Indra
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vedic god of rain and thunder; chief atmosphere deity
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Isvara
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lord
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Jñana-Yoga
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discipline of knowledge; training of the mind
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kalpa
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one cycle of samsara
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karma
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actions; determines what someone will be reborn as
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Karma-yoga
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act in conscience with your dharma; found in the Bhagava-gita
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Krsna
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Arjunas charioteer
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ksatriya
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warriors; first of the four social classes
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Madhva
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developed Dvaita-Vedanta; lived around 1200 AD
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Mahabharata
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a significant Hindu epic; contains Bhagavad-Gita
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Mohenjo-Daro
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one of the ancient cities that the Dravidians originated from
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moksa
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salvation; the ultimate experience; escape from samsara
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Patanjali
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wrote the steps of classical yoga
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Ramakrishna
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extremely influential and liked teachers of Hinduism; was admired by Ghandi; many paths to one God
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Ramanuja
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developed Visista-Advaita-Vedanta; thought Maya was the overwhelming power of god; suggests Bhakti-yoga; lived from 1020-1140 AD
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Ramayana
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a significant Hindu epic
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Rg-veda
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first of four vedas; contains 1028 hymns
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rsi
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sages; preached about what they read from the scriptures
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Sama-veda
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second of four vedas; re-arranged the Rg-Veda for chanting
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samadhi
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absorption in ultimate reality; what happens to get moksa
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Sankara
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developed Advaita-Vedanta; lived 788-820 AD; suggests Jñana yoga
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Sankhya
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one of the 6 darsanas
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samsara
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the cycle of creation and destruction of the universe
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Siva
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destroyer god of the Trimurti
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Soma
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narcotic juice made from mushrooms
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sudra
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the laboring class, the fourth of the four social classes
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Upanisad
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same as Vedanta(s)
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vaisya
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merchants, the third of the four social classes
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Varuna
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chief heavenly deity
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