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1. In 1957, the Russians launched ___________, the first artificial satellite.
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Sputnik 1
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2. The term ___________ is used for either a natural or an artificial object in space.
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Satellite
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3. Communication satellites began in 1958 when taped messages were broadcast from orbit on the _______ satellite. In 1962, _________ ___ became the first commercial satellite.
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Score Telestar I
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4. Intelsat stands for ____________ _______________ ____________ ____________. It is made up of 109 nations worldwide that control ___ satellites.
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International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
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5. TDRSS stands for __________ and ______ _______ ___________ _________. It provides full-time coverage for the _______ _________.
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Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System space shuttle
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6. The Deep Space Network provides continuous communications for planetary spacecraft probing into _______ _______.
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deep space
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7. The first navigational satellite, _________, was developed to provide Polaris missile submarines with the ability to fix accurate positions.
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Transit
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8. GPS is the NAVSTAR ________ _____________ ________ that offers a precise ____________ __________.
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Global Positioning System positioning service
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9. The Natural Resources Satellites locate ________ ___________ and monitor other conditions on the Earth’s surface. This is the task of the ___________ series of satellites.
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natural resources LANDSAT
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10. In 1960, Tiros 1 became the first __________ satellite.
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weather
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11. GOES stands for _____________ ____________ ______________ __________. GOES provides pictures of the Earth’s _________, pictures of _______ and provides information which helps with __________ ______________.
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Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites clouds weather forecasting
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12. The __________ satellite series discovered the Van Allen radiation belts.
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Explorer
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13. Satellites or spacecraft that either fly by, orbit or land on a celestial body, other than Earth, are called _______ ________.
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space probes
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14. The ___________ took pictures of the Moon in preparation of the Apollo landings. The ___________ series flew by Venus and Mercury and gave us pictures of Venus’ clouds and Mercury’s cratered surface.
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Rangers Mariners
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15. In the 1970s, the __________ probes gave us pictures of Jupiter and Saturn. Then in the late 1970s, __________ ___ and ___ also encountered Jupiter and Saturn.
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Pioneer Voyager 1 and 2
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16. In 1975, the _______ series explored the environment of Mars.
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Viking
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17. Satellites as a system are made up of four parts: ________, ______ ___________, _____-__________ and a __________.
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people, space environment, sub-systems and launch
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18. Customers define the overall ________ and _______________ for satellites.
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purpose and requirements
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19. ___________, _________ ____________ and _______ _______ are potentially dangerous for satellites.
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radiation, charged particles and solar flares
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20. ________________ and _______ ________ can also harm satellites. Some 20,000 tons of _________ ___________ make it into the Earth’s atmosphere every year.
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micrometeorites space debris natural materials
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21. Manmade _______ or ______ is also a threat.
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debris or junk
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22. The first aspect that ties the sub-systems together is the satellite’s _________. The first step of the design of the sub-system is the __________ _________________.
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mission payload requirements
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23. The _____________ of a satellite is like a building.
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structure
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24. The _____________ system provides the boost to get the satellite into orbit.
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propulsion
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25. To make minor corrections in direction, the __________ _________ system is used.
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attitude control
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26. The main source of electricity while the satellite is in orbit is the ______.
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sun
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27. Temperature data is part of the ________ ________ sub-system.
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thermal control
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28. The __________ and _________ function of a satellite is a communication system.
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command and control
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29. The sub-system that gets the satellite into orbit is the __________.
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launch
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30. An ________ is the movement or path a satellite takes around a celestial body.
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orbit
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31. _________’s First Law states that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse, with the sun at the focus.
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Kepler
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32. The highest point of an orbit is called the _________, and the lowest point is called its __________.
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Apogee perigee
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33. America’s first manned space flight program was called ________ ___________.
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Project Mercury
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34. ______ ____________ was the first American in space.
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Alan Shepard
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35. _______ ________ was the first American to orbit the Earth. His orbit lasted for _____ hours and ___-___ minutes and orbited the Earth ______ times.
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John Glenn
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36. Project Mercury answered the basic questions about __________ in ________.
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survival in space
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37. _______ __________ was the first two-man capsule, and it also achieved the first _______ in ______.
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Project Gemini walk in space
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38. ________ ___ landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969, and _____ ____________ was the first man to walk on the Moon. After we landed on the Moon, only one of the next six flights ________ ___ didn’t land on the Moon.
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Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong
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39. _______ ________’s mission was to put a laboratory into space. Scientists were interested in continuing their studies of the effects of _____-__________ space flights.
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Project Skylab long-duration
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40. The first crew manned Skylab for ____ days. The final crew spent ____ days in space.
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28 84
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41. The ________-________ _____ ________ was the linkup in space of an American and a Soviet manned spacecraft.
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Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
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42. In 1981, the Space Transportation System, commonly called the ______ ________, was launched. It provides a system for _______________ into space and a _______ _______ to Earth. The major advantage of this system is that it can be used _______ and ________.
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Space Shuttle transportation return back again and again
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43. The Space Shuttle consists of three main parts: the _________, the _____ _______ __________ and the _________ _______. The part that looks like an airplane is called the __________.
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orbiter, solid rocket boosters external tank orbiter
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44. In April 1990, the shuttle Discovery deployed the ________ _______ ____________. It operates at over _____ miles above the Earth and is free of any atmospheric ____________.
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Hubble Space Telescope
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45. It 1993, the shuttle carried the European developed ____________ into orbit.
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Spacelab
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46. Russian launched the first space station, ________ __, in April 1971.
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Salyut 1
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47. ________ __ stayed in space for six months then burned up when it reentered the Earth’s atmosphere.
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Salyut 1
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48. The next model of Russian space station was called _____. It was launched in February 1986.
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Mir
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49. The US’ first space station was ________. It was launched in 1973. Three different crews lived abroad, with the last crew staying the longest, ____ days.
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Skylab 84
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50. The European Space Agency also built a space station called ___________.
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Spacelab
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