|
Ka
|
[A-][h30+]/[HA]
|
|
|
pka
|
-log[Ka]
|
|
|
Value of pkb for weak base
|
greater than zero
|
|
|
Value of pka for a weak acid
|
greater than zero
|
|
|
l
|
designates subshell s,p,d,f
can be 0 to n-1
|
|
|
ml
|
-l to l
|
|
|
number of orbital in each subshell
|
2l +1
|
|
|
maximum principal quantum number
|
2n^2
|
|
|
charge of electron
|
(-1.6x10^-19
|
|
|
E
|
reduction potential
|
|
|
E (cell)
|
E red + E ox
|
|
|
Free energey in cell
|
G=-nFEcell
|
|
|
How to calculate partial pressure
|
Partial pressure = mole fraction x total pressure
|
|
|
Gas constant
|
8.21 X 10^-2 Latm/molK
|
|
|
Gas constant in J/kmol
|
8.314
|
|
|
rate of diffusion and effusion
|
root of MM2/MM1
|
|
|
Ksp
|
solubility product constant
[product]^n[product]^n
|
|
|
Freezing point depression
|
Change in T= Kf x molality
|
|
|
Boiling point elevation
|
Kb x molality = T
|
|
|
Work
|
W=-P x change in Volume
|
|
|
osmotic pressure
|
Pi = MRT
|
|
|
Free energy of a system
|
Change in Heat - (temperature x change in entropy)
|
|
|
Beta decay change in mass
|
+1
|
|
|
Beta decay change in atomic number
|
none
|
|
|
Faraday constant
|
96,485 colocoumbs/mole
|
|
|
E (cell)
|
E red + E ox
|
|
|
Free energey in cell
|
G=-nFEcell
|
|
|
How to calculate partial pressure
|
Partial pressure = mole fraction x total pressure
|
|
|
Gas constant
|
8.21 X 10^-2 Latm/molK
|
|
|
Gas constant in J/kmol
|
8.314
|
|
|
rate of diffusion and effusion
|
root of MM2/MM1
|
|
|
Ksp
|
solubility product constant
[product]^n[product]^n
|
|
|
Freezing point depression
|
Change in T= Kf x molality
|
|
|
Boiling point elevation
|
Kb x molality = T
|
|
|
Work
|
W=-P x change in Volume
|
|
|
osmotic pressure
|
Pi = MRT
|
|
|
Free energy of a system
|
Change in Heat - (temperature x change in entropy)
|
|
|
Beta decay change in mass
|
+1
|
|
|
Beta decay change in atomic number
|
none
|
|
|
Faraday constant
|
96,485 colocoumbs/mole
|
|
|
Spontaneous reactions
|
produce electricity
|
|
|
nonspontaneous reaction
|
use electricity to produce chemical change
|
|
|
oxidation
|
loss of electrons
|
|
|
reduction
|
gaining electrons
|
|
|
anode
|
oxidation
|
|
|
cathode
|
reduction
|
|
|
galvanic cells are spontaneous or nonspontaneous
|
spontaneous
|
|
|
electrolytic cells are spontaneous or nonspontaneous
|
nonspontaneous
|
|
|
charge of an anode in a galvanic cell
|
negative
|
|
|
charge of an anode in an electrolytic cell
|
positive
|
|
