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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
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Anxiety disorder with uncontrollable thoughts and behaviors. OCD has been linked to prefrontal cortex.
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What is treatment for OCD?
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behavior therapy + SSRI
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Occipital lobe
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posterior region involved with vision. separated from parietal lobe by parietal-occipital sulcus on the medial surface, but no distinct sulcus separates it from the parietal lobe on the lateral surface.
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oculomotor
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pertaining to eye movements
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oculovestibular response
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automatic eye movement elicited by injecting ice water into the ear of a comatose patient (caloric testing). No response predicts poor outcome.
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Oklahoma Premorbid Intelligence Estimate (OPIE)
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procedure for estimating premorbid functioning based on demographic information in combination with WAIS-R vocab and picture completion.
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Olfactory bulbs
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paired gray matter structures located at the bottom of the cranium. They mediate smell and become cranial nerve I. Vulnerable to shearing damage in TBI
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Olfactory Groove Meningioma
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Tumor that originates in arachnoidal cells along the cribiform plate. May involve anosmia, abulia, confusion, forgetfulness, and inappropriate jocularity.
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Oligodendroglia
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Glial cells that constitute the myelin sheath around neurons.
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Olivopontocerebellar degeneration
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Parkinson+ syndrome characterized by ataxia, postural instability, tremor and dysarthria. Loss of neurons in pons and cerebellum.
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On-Off phenomenon
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tendency for anti-parkinsonian drug effects to suddenly wear off. Can be unpredictible.
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open head injury
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head injury that penetrates the skull and dura into subdural space.
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operculum
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The area of frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes covering the insula that borders on Sylvian fissure.
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Opponent process theory of color vision
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theory of color vision in which, given three pairs of color antagonists, excitation of one member inhibits the other member.
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opportunistic infection
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an infection that is normally inocuous but becomes pathologic because of immune system compromise.
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Optic agraphia
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inability to copy written or printed words while being capable of writing from dictation. Associated lesion in posterior language-dominant hemisphere.
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Optokinetic nystagmus
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normal, involuntary rhythmic eye movement that is induced by looking at a moving stimuli. Eyes follow object until they can't and then quickly move in opposite direction. abolished in parietal lesions.
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Organophosphate compounds
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irreversible inhibitors of enzyme acetylcholinesterase found in phosphoric acid insectisides and gas warfare agents. Cause weakness, ataxia, and Wallerian degeneration in medulla, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
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Orthostatic hypotension
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sudden decline in blood pressure that occurs after a rapid change in body position.
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O-sign
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continuous open mouth seen in advanced cases of dementia or severe trauma.
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Otitis media
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common pediatric disease involving acute or chronic inflammation of the middle ear. If left untreated, may cause hearing loss or poor language acquisition.
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Overcorrection
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B-mod technique in which patients repeat a behavior, or rectify a situation, that has been adversely affected by their acting out.
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Overlapping Figures
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Two or more line drawings that partly overlap, used in assessment of perceptual deficits.
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Overt Agression Scale
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Checklist for assessment of aggressive behavior.
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