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What does Candida albicans do that distinguishes it from other fungi?
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It forms a germinal tube at 37°C.
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What protozoal parasite results in dysentery with blood and pus in the stool, is transmitted via fecal-oral route, is diagnosed by cysts or trophozoites in the stool, and forms liver abscesses and inverted flask-shaped lesions in the large intestine?
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Entamoeba histolytica (treat with metronidazole)
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What is the most likely causative organism for a patient with folliculitis after spending time in a hot tub?
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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What two viruses get their envelope not from budding but from coding?
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HIV and poxvirus
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Which type of hepatitis can cause hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Hepatitis B
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Gas gangrene is associated with which Clostridium species?
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Clostridium perfrigens
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Which dimorphic fungus is found as hyphae with nondescript conidia in rotting wood in the Upper Great Lakes, Ohio, Mississippi, eastern seaboard of the United States, and southern Canada?
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Blastomyces dermatitidis
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Which parasitic organism, when it crosses the placenta, results in intracerebral calcifications, chorioretinitis, microcephaly, hydrocephaly, and convulsions?
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Toxoplasma gondii
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What staphylococcal species is positive for Beta-hemolysis and coagulase?
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Staphylococcus aureus
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What vector is associated with malaria?
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Anopheles mosquito
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What is the term for hyphae with constrictions at each septum that are commonly seen in Candida albicans?
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Pseudohyphae
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Which cestode infection results in alveolar hydatid cyst disease?
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Echinococcus multilocularis
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Which hepatitis virus is in the Flaviviridae family?
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Hepatitis C
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What nonmotile gram-negative, non–lactose-fermenting facultative anaerobic rod uses the human colon as its only reservoir and is transmitted by fecal-oral spread?
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Shigella
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What is the only Rickettsia that is stable in the environment?
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Coxiella burnetii
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Regarding the viral growth curve, is the internal virus present before or after the eclipse period?
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After the eclipse period
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What Ab is an indication of recurrent disease for hepatitis?
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HBc Ab
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What small gram-positive, non–spore-forming rod is a facultative intracellular parasite that grows in the cold and is associated with unpasteurized milk products?
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Listeria monocytogenes
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What is the only DNA virus that is not icosahedral?
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Poxvirus
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Which organism causes trench mouth?
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Fusobacterium
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True or false? All of the following are inactivated vaccines available in the United States: influenza, Vibrio cholera, hepatitis A, rabies, and adenovirus.
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False. Adenovirus vaccine is a live pathogenic virus in an enteric coated capsule. All of the others are inactivated vaccines.
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Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information:
No persistent liver stage or relapse; blood smear shows multiple ring forms and crescent-shaped gametes; irregular febrile pattern; associated with cerebral malaria
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information:No persistent liver stage or relapse; blood smear shows rosette schizonts; 72-hour fever spike pattern
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Plasmodium malariae
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Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information:Persistent hypnozoite liver stage with relapses; blood smear shows amoeboid trophozoites with oval, jagged infected RBCs; 48-hour fever spike pattern
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Plasmodium ovale
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Name the Plasmodium species based on the following information:
Persistent hypnozoite liver stage with relapses; blood smear shows amoeboid trophozoites; 48-hour fever spike pattern; the most prevalent form worldwide
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Plasmodium vivax
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True or false? A positive PPD skin test indicates the patient has active pulmonary disease.
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False. The PPD tests exposure to TB.
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What viral infection is known to cause intracerebral calcifications?
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CMV; Toxoplasma also causes intracerebral calcifications but it is a parasite.
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What viruses are associated with cervical carcinoma?
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HPVs 16 and 18
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What motile, gram-negative spiral bacillus with flagella is oxidase positive, urease positive, and associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer?
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Helicobacter pylori
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What glycoprotein in the HIV virus is used for fusion?
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GP41
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What Ag is needed to diagnose an infectious patient with hepatitis B?
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HBeAg
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Which organism causes multiple infections by antigen switching?
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Borrelia recurrentis
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What is the first Ag seen in an individual with hepatitis?
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HBsAg (incubation period)
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With which DNA virus are Guarnieri bodies associated?
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Variola (smallpox)
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What nematode is known as pinworms? What is the treatment?
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Enterobius vermicularis; the treatment is albendazole.
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What protein allows Mycoplasma to attach to the respiratory epithelium?
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P1 protein
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What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea?
Day care–associated diarrhea in infants
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Rotavirus
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What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea?
Watery diarrhea from beef, poultry, or gravies
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Clostridium perfringens
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What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea?
Rice water stools
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Vibrio cholera
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What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea?
Diarrhea associated with raw or undercooked shellfish
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Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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What organism is associated with the following types of diarrhea?
Bloody diarrhea associated with hamburger ingestion
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Enterohemorhagic Escherichia coli
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Which fungus is found worldwide on plants, is a cigar-shaped yeast in tissue form, and results in rose gardener's disease?
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Sporothrix schenckii
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Which type of hepatitis is a picornavirus?
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Hepatitis A (infectious)
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What gram-positive rod is distinguished by its tumbling motility?
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Listeria
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What is the vector for Leishmania infections?
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The sandfly
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What is the term of the viral growth period when no viruses can be found intracellularly?
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Eclipse period
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What organism causes Q fever?
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Coxiella burnetii
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What are the three naked RNA viruses?
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1. Picornavirus
2. Calicivirus
3. Reovirus
(Remember PCR)
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HIV's capsid, core nucleocapsid, and matrix proteins are products of what structural gene?
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gag gene
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What facultative intracellular fungus is associated with hepatosplenomegaly?
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Histoplasma capsulatum infects the cells of the RES and can result in hepatosplenomegaly.
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