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True or false? Hyperkalemia increases the effect of digoxin.
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False. hyperkalemia decreases digoxin's activity, while hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia all increase digoxin toxicity.
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Which antispasmodic blocks the release of Ca 2+from the SR and is used in the treatment of malignant hyperthermia?
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Dantrolene
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Which overdose carries a higher mortality rate, that of benzodiazepines or barbiturates?
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Barbiturate overdose and benzodiazepine withdrawal carry the highest mortality rates.
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What antiviral agent is used in the treatment of drug-induced Parkinson's disease?
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Amantadine
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Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation?
• Edema
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H 1
|
|
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Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation?
• Gastric acid secretion
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H 2
|
|
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Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation?
• SA nodal activity
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H 2
|
|
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Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation?
• Pain and pruritus
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H 1
|
|
|
Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation?
• Bronchial smooth muscle activity
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H 1
|
|
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Are the following responses associated with histamines H1 or H2 receptor activation?
• Inotropic action and automaticity
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H 2
|
|
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True or false? The lack of dopamine production in the substantia nigra leads to the extrapyramidal dysfunction, characteristically seen in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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True. The lack of dopamine leads to an excess of ACh, hence extrapyramidal dysfunction.
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Which PG maintains patency of the ductus arteriosus and is used in the treatment of primary pulmonary HTN?
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PGI 2
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Which CNS ACh receptor or receptors are excitatory? Inhibitory?
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M 1 and nicotinic receptors are excitatory in the CNS and M 2 receptor is inhibitory.
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True or false? Beta2-Adrenergic agents are used in the management of an acute asthmatic attack.
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True. They are useful in the early-phase response to an asthmatic attack.
|
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Do local anesthetics bind to the activated or inactivated sodium channels?
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Inactivated
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What is the drug of choice for treating Tourette syndrome?
|
Pimozide
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|
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What mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria?
|
Anopheles mosquito
|
|
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What enzyme is inhibited by disulfiram?
|
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
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Which diuretic is used as an adrenal steroid antagonist?
|
Spironolactone
|
|
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What drug is given transdermally for chronic pain but can cause chest wall rigidity if given IV?
|
Fentanyl
|
|
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What is the drug of choice for penicillin-resistant gonococcal infections?
|
Spectinomycin
|
|
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What is the DOC for treating torsade de pointes?
|
Magnesium
|
|
|
Is heparin contraindicated in pregnancy?
|
No. Heparin is safe in pregnancy, but warfarin is contraindicated in pregnancy because of its ability to cross the placenta.
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What oral antifungal agent is used to treat dermatophyte infections by disrupting microtubule structure and depositing keratin?
|
Griseofulvin
|
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Which anticonvulsant can cause teratogenic craniofacial abnormalities and spina bifida?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
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What are the three Beta-lactamase inhibitors?
|
1. Clavulanic acid
2. Sulbactam
3. Tazobactam
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|
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Which anticonvulsant used in the treatment of bipolar disorder is refractory to lithium?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
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Are antineoplastic agents that work on actively proliferating cells schedule or dose dependent?
|
Schedule dependent; antineoplastic agents that work on nonproliferating cells are dose dependent
|
|
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Which class of diuretics is used to treat metabolic alkalosis, acute mountain sicknesses, and glaucoma and to aid in the elimination of acidic drug overdoses?
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide and dorzolamide)
|
|
|
What estrogen receptor agonist in bone is used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis?
|
Raloxifene
|
|
|
Which tetracycline is used in the treatment of SIADH?
|
Demeclocycline
|
|
|
How is the eye affected by use of opioids?
|
With opioid use the pupils become pinpoint (miosis) because of increased cholinergic activity.
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Grey baby syndrome
|
Chloramphenicol
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• CN VIII damage (vestibulotoxic)
|
Aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Teratogenicity
|
Metronidazole
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Cholestatic hepatitis
|
Erythromycin
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Hemolytic anemia
|
Nitrofurantoin
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Dental staining in children
|
Tetracycline
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Altered folate metabolism
|
Trimethoprim
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Auditory toxicity
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
Name the antimicrobial agent whose major side effect is listed.
• Cartilage abnormalities
|
Quinolones
|
|
|
What are the two side effects of opioids to which the user will not develop tolerance?
|
Constipation and miosis
|
|
|
Which anticonvulsant is also used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and for migraine headaches?
|
Valproic acid
|
|
|
What antitubercular agent causes loss of red-green visual discrimination?
|
Ethambutol
|
|
|
Name the insulin preparation based on the peak effect and duration of action.
• Peak, 8 to 16 hours; duration, 24 to 36 hours
|
Ultralente
|
|
|
Name the insulin preparation based on the peak effect and duration of action.
• Peak, 0.5 to 3 hours; duration, 5 to 7 hours
|
Regular insulin
|
|
|
Name the insulin preparation based on the peak effect and duration of action.
• Peak, 8 to 12 hours; duration, 18 to 24 hours
|
Lente or NPH insulin (neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin)
|
|
|
Name the insulin preparation based on the peak effect and duration of action.
• Peak, 0.3 to 2 hours; duration, 3 to 4 hours
|
Lispro insulin
|
|
|
Is digoxin or digitoxin renally eliminated?
|
Digoxin is renally eliminated; digitoxin is hepatically eliminated.
|
|
|
What is the drug of choice for steroid-induced osteoporosis?
|
Alendronate
|
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