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Nociceptive pain is injury to the tissues and is divided into ____ and ___ pain.
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Somatic
Viceral
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Neuropathic pain is caused by ____.
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Injury to Peripheral Nerves
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Somatic Pain is described as ____.
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Localized and Sharp
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Visceral Pain is described as ___.
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Diffuse, Aching Pain
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Neuropathic Pain is described as _____.
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Burning, Shooting, Numb, Dead, and Cold Pain
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Pain intensity scales are valuable for assessing pain and setting pain relief goals.
T or F
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True
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NSAID are _____.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Aspirin and Ibuprofen
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What are the adverse effects of NSAIDs?
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Gastric Ulceration, Renal Failure, and Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation
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How do NSAIDs work?
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Inhibit COX (cyclooxygenase)
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Acetaminophen inhibits COX in the CNS but not in the periphery.
T or F
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True
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Acetaminophen (does/does not) affect platelets.
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does not
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What pain is unique to cancer?
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Breakthrough Pain
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What are adjunct analgesics?
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Drugs to complement the effects of opioids
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What is Amitriptyline?
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TCA
Tricyclic Antidepressant
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What is Amitriptyline role in adjunct analgesics?
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Reduce Pain of Neuropathic origin
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What is carbamazepine?
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Anti-seizure Drug
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What is carbamazepine role as a adjunct analgesic?
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Relieve neuropathic pain
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What is CNS stimulants role in adjunct analgesics?
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Enhance opioid-induced analgesia and counter act opioid-induced sedation
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What are two common CNS stimulants used as adjunct analgesics?
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Dextroamphetamine
Methylphenidate
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What antihistamine has benefits as an adjunct analgesic? What are the benefits?
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Hydroxyzine
Reduce pain and anxiety
Sedative Properties
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A nerve block is nerve destruction accomplished through local injection of a neurotoxic substance.
T or F
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True
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Heat promotes _____ of the capillaries and (increases/decreases) elasticity of tissue.
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Dilation
increases
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Cold (increases/decreases) inflammation and muscle spasm.
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Decreases
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Pain is recorded as a fifth vital sign.
T or F
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True
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