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Lower house of Russian Parliament from 1906 - 1917
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Duma
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Duma
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Lower house of Russian Parliament 1906 - 1917
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Five points in Lenin's "April Theses"
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1.Overthrow / no co-operation w/ provisional government
2.Abolition of police; army and state bureaucracy
3.End Russian participation in WWI
4.Give land to peasants
5.No parliamentary democracy. Workers' 'soviets'
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How did the Kornilov Affair help the Revolution?
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1.Discredited Kerensy (military and people)
2.Increased Bolshevik prestige
3.Increased Bolshevik's weapons stores
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Purpose: Gosplan?
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Provide direction for economic development
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Foreign Policy in 1920's: Soviet Union's best relationship with?
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Germany
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Purpose: Stalin's 1928 Five Year Plan?
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Continue Lenin's New Economic Policy
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Katyn Forest Massacre: significance?
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Created hostility between Poles and the Soviet Union
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Post WWII: what country became Communistic without Soviet intervention or assistance?
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Yugoslavia
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Kruschev's 1957 political manuvering stigmatized who? How?
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Malenkov; Molotov; Kaganovich and Shepilov: as being an 'Anti-Party' Group
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Era of Stagnation known for what (3) economic trends?
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1.Increased quantity of production
2.Successful growth in 'showcase' industry (i.e. aerospace)
3.Widespread shortage - consumer goods
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Nationality of Soviet foreign minister during most of the Gorbachev era:
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Georgian
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What did Gorbachev try to do that prompted the aborted coup in August 1991?
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Reconstruct the federal union
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Lenin's position on the Russian Provisional Government
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Opposed as 'bourgoise'
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What Soviet Republic ended its membership in the Commonwealth of Independent States and became an 'associate member'?
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Turkmenistan
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Historical Soviet method for increasing economic growth:
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Increasing outputs
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Who became the Soviet People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs in 1939
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Molotov
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Vyacheslav Molotov
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Became head of Soviet Foreign Affairs in 1939
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Three changes made by Gorbachev:
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1.Made himself President
2.Greater individual freedom in elections
3.Legalized opposition party
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Three reasons for end of detente between U.S. and U.S.S.R.:
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1.Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
2.U.S. humiliation over Iran hostage affair
3.Election of Ronald Reagan
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Major cause for unrest in Eastern Bloc during 1980's:
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Nationalism and rising ethnic identity
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Significance: "Weimar Russia"
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Termed after dissolution. Reflected widespread belief that a weak republic attacked from within by nationalists who wanted a return to an authoritative state
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"Prague Spring"
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1968: form of passive resistance to Warsaw Pact troops
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Date: "Prague Spring":
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1968
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Why was Stalin offered the position of Secretary of the Communist Party?
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Prominent Bolsheviks had rejected it
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Administrator: New Economic Policy:
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Bukharin
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Bukharin
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Administered Lenin's New Economic Policy
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After 1991: dominating factor in lives of Caucasions:
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Inter-ethnic conflict
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Main difference between Bolsheviks and Mensheviks:
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Mensheviks believed in greater degree of popular participation in government
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Policy of "Official Nationality"
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Ethnicity not considered: all citizens are Russian
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Whose policy was 'Official Nationality'?
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Czar Nicholas I
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What party won a majority in first post-revolution parliamentary election?
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Socialist-Revolutionary Party
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Who was responsible for the aggressive policies which encouraged rapid industrialization of the Russian Empire during the 1890's?
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Sergei Witte
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Sergei Witte
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Author of aggressive policies which produced rapid industrialization of the Russian Empire in the 1890's
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Three of Kruschev's agricultural reform:
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1.Massive chemical fertilization
2.Introduction of corn
3.Rapid mechanization
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Peristroika
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Open discussions of politics and ideas
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Who introduced peristroika?
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Gorbechev
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Exchange rate for rubles / dollars in 1914:
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2:1
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Exchange rate for rubles / dollars in 1929:
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1200:1
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Three terms associated with Soviet dissident movement in 70's and 80's:
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1.Magniuzdat
2.Refusnik
3.Samirdat
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Define: Magniuzdat
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Russian writers, poets / dissidents who secretly distributed their own work on audio tapes
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Define: Refusenik
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Russian Jews denied permission to emigrate
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Define: Samirdat
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Russian dissident artists who published their own work to circumvent governmental control
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Define: Tamizdat
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Russian dissident artists who managed to have their work published abroad despite governmental control
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Who fought for a Russian port on the Baltic Sea?
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Peter the Great
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For a port on what body of water did Peter the Great fight?
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The Baltic Sea
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Three factors that contributed to Soviet realization that Cold War competition was no longer sustainable:
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1.Growing deficiencies in economic performance
2.Nuclear stalemate
3.Increasing gap in high-tech competitiveness
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A major reason experts did not predict the fall of the Soviet Union
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Over-emphasis on politics; inattention to economics
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Period in which Soviet Union achieved most impressive growth:
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1930 - 1960
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Popular slogan during Breshnev regime:
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"Stability of Cadres"
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