|
On Jan. 22, 1917, Wilson delivered one of his most moving addresses, realistically declaring that only a negotiated _____ would prove durable.
|
"peace without victory"
|
|
|
On Jan. 31, 1917, Germany declared _____, that it would sink all ships, including America's, in the war zone.
|
unlimited submarine warfare
|
|
|
By doing this, the Germans were jerking viciously at the _____.
|
Sussex string
|
|
|
Wilson stopped diplomatic relations with Germany, but wouldn't go to war unless Germany committed _____.
|
"overt actions"
|
|
|
On March 1, 1917, America intercepted and published the _____, sent from the German _____ to the country of _____, promising to help it regain _____, _____, and _____.
|
Zimmerman; foreign secretary; Mexico; Texas; New Mexico; Arizona
|
|
|
Munition makers and Wall Street bankers in America might well have made their slogan _____.
|
"Neutrality Forever"
|
|
|
In a figurative sense, America's war declaration of April 6, 1917 bore the unambiguous trademark _____.
|
"Made in Germany"
|
|
|
_____ senators and _____ representatives voted against war.
|
6 senators; 50 reps.
|
|
|
This representative, the first congresswoman, voted against the war. She was from the state of _____.
|
Jeannette Rankin; Montana
|
|
|
Wilson rallied support for the war by calling it _____ and _____.
|
"a war to end war"; "a war to make the world safe for democracy"
|
|
|
On January 8, 1918, Wilson gave his famed _____ to an enthusiastic Congress.
|
Fourteen Points Address
|
|
|
What were the first 5 of the Fourteen Points?
|
1. abolish secret treaties (good for liberals everywhere); 2. freedom of the seas (good for Germans and British-fearing Americans); 3. removal of economic barriers (good for revenge-fearing Germany); 4. reduction of armament burdens; 5. adjustment of colonial claims (good for anti-imperialists)
|
|
|
Other two important points of the Fourteen Points dealt with _____ and _____.
|
self-determination; the League of Nations
|
|
|
The self-determination part was particularly appealing to the _____, who lay under the heel of _____ and _____.
|
Poles; Germany; Austria-Hungary
|
|
|
Hard-nosed Republicans sneered at the Fourteen Points as the _____ of _____.
|
fourteen commandments; God Almighty Wilson
|
|
|
For the purpose of mobilizing the mind for war, both in America and abroad, Wilson created the _____ headed by the young journalist _____.
|
Committee on Public Information; George Creel
|
|
|
This committee employed _____ workers at home and overseas, including an army of _____ _____ who delivered countless speeches containing much _____.
|
150,000; 75,000; "four-minute men"; patriotic pep
|
|
|
Propaganda took many forms, but name some methods used.
|
posters; leaflets; pamphlets; booklets; movies; songs
|
|
|
Posters were splashed on billboards in the _____.
|
"Battle of the Fences"
|
|
|
Three such anti-German movies that were created were:
|
The Kaiser; Beast of Berlin; To Hell with the Kaiser
|
|
|
One of the most memorable songs of this "singingest" war was _____ by _____.
|
"Over There"; George M. Cohan
|
|
|
There were about _____ German-Americans in the US out of a total population of about _____. One German Socialist was lynched by a drunken mob in the state of _____.
|
8 million; 100 million; Illinois
|
|
|
Orchestras found it unsafe to present German-composed music, like that of _____ and _____.
|
Wagner; Beethoven
|
|
|
This food was renamed to this. This other food was renamed to this.
|
sauerkraut --> liberty cabbage
hamburger --> liberty steak
|
|
|
These two acts reflected fears of Germans and antiwar Americans.
|
Espionage Act of 1917
Sedition Act of 1918
|
|
|
About _____ prosecutions were undertaken under these laws, many for antiwar Socialists and members of the radical union called the _____.
|
1,900; Industrial Workers of the World (IWWs)
|
|
|
One Socialist, _____, was convicted under the _____ and sentenced to _____ years in a federal penitentiary. He was pardoned by _____ in the year _____.
|
Eugene V. Debs; Espionage Act of 1917; 10; President Harding; 1921
|
|
|
Wilson took a number of measures before the war that now helped. 1) He had created the _____ in 1915 to study problems of economic mobilization. 2) He launched a _____. 3) He endorsed a increase in the size of the army.
|
Council of National Defense; shipbuilding program
|
|
|
In March 1918, late in the war, Wilson appointed _____ to head the _____, a group that never had more than feeble formal powers and was disbanded within days after the armistice.
|
Bernard Baruch; War Industries Board
|
|
|
Perspiring workers were urged to put forth their best efforts, spurred by the slogan, "_____."
|
Labor Will Win the War
|
|
|
Women were encouraged to enter industry and also agriculture, where they were called _____. Women were given suffrage under the _____.
|
farmerettes; Nineteenth Amendment
|
|
|
A _____ required all able-bodied males to be regularly employed in some useful occupation. This was issued by the _____ in 1918.
|
"work or fight" rule; War Department
|
|
|
Fortunately for the Allied cause, _____ and his powerful _____ gave loyal support to the war effort.
|
Samuel Gompers; American Federation of Labor
|
|
|
The _____ was established as the supreme court for labor disputes and with _____ as cochairman.
|
National War Labor Board; William Howard Taft
|
|
|
The IWWs were nicknamed the _____ and the _____.
|
"I Won't Works"; "Wobblies"
|
|
|
The _____ helped regulate the amount of food used in the US so that there would be enough for the war. It was headed by _____.
|
Food Administration; Herbert C. Hoover
|
|
|
While Europe used _____, the US relied on voluntary compliance to restrict the use of food.
|
ration cards
|
|
|
To save food for the war, the US declared _____ and _____, all on a voluntary basis. Children were urged to be _____ when eating apples.
|
wheatless Wednesdays; meatless Tuesdays; patriotic to the core
|
|
|
People were encouraged to plant their own food at home in so-called _____. The _____ passed in the year _____ banned the sale or manufacture of alcoholic beverages.
|
"victory gardens"; Eighteenth Amendment; 1919
|
|
|
Thanks to the Food Administration, farm production increased by _____ and food exports to the Allies _____ in volume.
|
one-fourth; tripled
|
|
|
The _____ encouraged Americans to save fuel with _____, _____, and _____.
|
Fuel Administration; heatless Mondays; lightless nights; gasless Sundays
|
|
|
The _____ sponsored huge parades and invoked slogans like _____ to promote _____ great _____, followed by a _____ in 1919. Together, these efforts netted the then-fantastic sum of about _____, or _____ of the current cost of the war to the US.
|
Treasury Department; "Half the Hun"; 4; Liberty Loan drives; Victory Loan campaign; $21 billion; two-thirds
|
|
|
The unfortunate German-American who could not display a Liberty Bond button might find his or her house bedaubed with _____. There was at least one case of a man signing for a bond with a _____ around his neck
|
yellow paint; rope
|
|
|
Following indescribable traffic snarls, the government took over the nation's railroads in _____. Enemy merchant vessels were seized and new ships were created, one of which was named _____.
|
late 1917; Faith
|
|
|
America's loans to the Allies during war finally totaled _____.
|
nearly $10 billion
|
|
|
A congressman from _____ deplored compulsion and said that there was "precious little difference between a conscript and a convict."
|
Missouri
|
|
|
Congress, after much debate, got around to passing conscription _____ after declaring war.
|
six weeks
|
|
|
The draft required the registration of males between the ages of _____ and _____.
|
18; 45
|
|
|
There were about _____ draft-dodgers and _____ conscientious objectors who were excused.
|
337,000; 4,000
|
|
|
Within a few drastic months, the army was increased from about _____ men to over _____. For the first time, women were admitted to the armed forces; some _____ to the navy and _____ to the marines.
|
200,000; 4 million; 11,000; 269
|
|
