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Give two examples of fat soluble vitamins
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A & D
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Do we have deficiency problems with fat soluble vitamins?
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No we store them easily
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What form of vitamin A is the preform? the active form?
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Retinol
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What form of vitamin a is a precusor and needs to be altered?
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beta carotinoid
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What causes macrocytic anemia?
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lack of folate
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What do the blood cell divisions look like in macrocytic anemia?
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one less division, so you get half the cells...they are large
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What things provide vitamin a in the retinol form?
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cow things, animal things...cheese, milk, eggs, meat
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Retinol is preformed....it comes in as retinol and put right into....
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...chylomicron
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Beta carotine has to be changed before we put it in teh chylomicron. Why can we not over load with it?
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Because to change it, we use an enzyme and we are limited with this enzyme
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90% of preformed vitamin a (retinol) is stored where?
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Liver....so eating liver could be toxic
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What are the forms we use Vitamin A in?
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Retinal & retinoic acid
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Which specific vitamin works with the eyes?
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retinol...vitamin A
Everything else is retinolic acid
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What does vitamin A do to cells?
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help differentiate cells
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what is xyroxthalomy? what vitamin is it related to?
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dry eye syndrome b/c cells didn't differentiate because of lack of vitamin a
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what problem happens with elderly with lack of vitamin a?
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macular degeneration
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With lack of vitamin a, why does the skin and digestive system crack?
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differentiation with epitheliation doesn't happen
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What is the toxicity level of Vitamin A?
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100X the RDA in one dose?
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Other than being fat soluble, what other word can describe vitamin A?
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antioxidant
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What is Vitamin D necessary for?
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calcium binding protein
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If calcium levels in body are low, vitamin D helps us absorb more calcium three ways...
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1. From our Diet
2. Reabsorb more calcium from kidney nephron
3. Helps to reabsorb calcium from bone
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What is Vitamin D acting like when it helps us encourage absorption of calcium?
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like a hormone
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What is problem in Rickets?
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Lack of vitamin d causes softening of bones in adults b/c we can't absorb the calcium to build our bones
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Best source of Vitamin D
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milk
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Can Vitamin d be toxic?
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Yes. you can get hypercalcification in soft tissues (kidney stones)
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What is Vitamin E best known for?
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an antioxidant...functions for cardiovascular disease from fats that are oxidizied
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What are the Antioxidant vitamins?
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A,C,E, selenium, phytochemicals
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What is Vitamin E necessary for?
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immune functions & nerves
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Do we see Vitamin E deficiency in US?
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Hard to make someone deficient in Vitamin E, but if you have malabsorption of fat deficiency then you might see it.
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What kind of vitamin is Vit E?
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fat soluble
antioxidant
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What does Vitamin E have to do with babies?
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Vitamin E shot given to premies, b/c it doesn't cross the placenta
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What kind of anemia does lack of vitamin E cause?
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hemolytic anemia
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What is problem with cooking with Vitamin E?
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High heat kills it...french fries
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What is the phrase to know about Vitamin K?
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...blood clotting vitamin
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What is dependant on the availabiltiy of Vitamin K?
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blood clot cascade is dependant on vitamin K and calcium
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Do we see a lot of deficiencies of Vitamin K?
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No, they are rare, but if there is a lipid malabsorption problem, then you might see it.
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What is a good source of Vitamin K?
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green leafy vitamins
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What is a non food source of Vitamin K ?
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We can make it in our bodies...in our intestines
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What is the relationship with babies and Vitamin K?
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does not cross the placenta, so they give the baby a shot of vitamin K at birth to make clotting factor. All babies get it.
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Do we see toxicity with Vitamin K?
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rare, but can happen with pills...so we don't sell Vitamin K pills
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What kind of vitamin is Vitamin K?
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fat soluble
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What are the fat soluble vitamin?
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ADEKa
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What is problem with beriberi?
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Lack of vitamin B1...thiamin....nerve damage lack of energy to nerve affects heart function, mental confusion. Not affecting us, but with Weirniski korsakoff syndrome...alcohol problem
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What is a good source of thaimin?
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Pork
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What is problem with having a pork chop for dinner if you are looking to have Thiamin, B1?
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Heat destroys it, so you have to cook it low and slow and long
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Is there a toxicity with B1?
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No
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What do we use Riboflavin B2 for?
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To make energy from CHO F P
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What are the problems with a deficiency of Niacin? B1?
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The three D's...dementia....dermatitis....diarrhea
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Why are the three d's the problems with lack of Niacin, B1?
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b/c not making enough energy and we don't have enough so these are high requirement areas with high turn over.
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What allows us to make Niacin?
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tryptophan
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Where did we find a deficiency in US with Niacin?
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deep south, with diet of cornmeal, fat back and molasses. Corn has not tryptophan that allows us to make Niacin
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