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IV piggyback
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Small bag connected to UPPER Y-port of primary infusion bag; placed higher than than the primary bag
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IV tandem
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Small bag connected to LOWER Y-port of primary infusion bag; placed at same height as primary bag
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Volutrol/Pediatrol/Buretrol
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Smal container attached just below primary bag; has a filter
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Miniinfusion pump
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battery-operated pump allowing small amounts of fluid to be given within controlled infusion times; Ex: PCA pump, Epidural infusion
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Intermittent Venous Access
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Hep lock/ Saline lock; IV cath with small chamber; omits continuous IV therapy; must be flushed after administration of med.
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Colloids
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Contains proteins or other molecules that tend to remain intravascular for a long time. Examples: whole blood, plasma,packed RBCs
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Crystalloids
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solutions made by dissolving crystals into water; classified by tonicity (amount of particles present in a solution); can be isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic
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Isotonic solution
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Same osmolality as body fluids; most common for ECF replacement; Ex: 0.9% NaCl, LR
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Hypotonic solution
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Osmolality is less than body fluids; Not a good choice for fluid replacement since most solution will leave the vascular space; Ex: D5W
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Hypertonic solution
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Have higher osmolality than body fluids; Draws water from intracellular spaces; Ex: D5LR, D10, D5, and 0.45% NaCl
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Why does TPN require a Central venous catheter?
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It is greater than 500 mOsm/L (is hyperosmotic)
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Nontunneled percutaneous central catheter
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Inserted through subclavian vein in upper chest or jugular in neck; tip resides in superior vena cava
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Tunneled percutaneous central catheter
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A portion of the catheter lying in a sub-Q tunnel separates the points at which the catheter enters the vein from where it exits the skin;used forfrequent and long term infusion therapy
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True or false
Central Line dressing change is a sterile procedure
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True
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Infiltration
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IV fluids enter surrounding space of venipuncture site; swelling, pallor, coolness; IV must be discontinued,restarted at another site, warm towel to area for 20-30min and keep elevated
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Phlebitis
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Localized infection of vein;pain,edema, erythema,increased skin temp; IV must be discontinued and restarted at another site, warm towel to site. Dangerous! can result in clots!
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Metacarpal veins
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Top of hand; usually first choice for IV
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Basilic vein
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Runs along ulna of forearm and upper arm; suitable for large gauge catheter
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14 gauge catheter
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Large adolescents or adults; rapid infusion of fluids and/or blood; very painful
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16 gauge catheter
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Adolescents and adults; infusion of large amounts of fluids and blood
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18 gauge catheter
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Older children, adults, and adolecents; fluid rescusitation, obese pts, infusion of blood and viscous solutions
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24 gauge
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neonates, infants, and toddlers
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22 gauge
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infants, toddlers, children, adolescents, and adults (especially the aged and emaciated)
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Donor A
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Recipient can be A or AB
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Donor B
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Recipient can be B or AB
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Donor AB
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Recipient can be AB only
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Donor O
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Recipient can be A, B, AB, or O
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