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How far is Mercury from the sun (AU)?
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0.39 AU
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How far is Venus from the sun (AU)?
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0.7 AU
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How far is Mars from the sun (AU)?
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1.5 AU
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Blue giants created all elements up to...
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...iron
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What is the life span of our sun?
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10 billion years
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How old is our solar system
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4 billion years old
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Why do we use scientific notation?
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Simplify calculations
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What is an Astronomical Unit?
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The average distance between Earth and the sun (93,000,000 miles)
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What are the three forces in the universe? (from strongest to weakest)
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1. Nuclear force, 2. Electrical force, 3. Gravity
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What is the distance from one end to the other of the milky way galaxy
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100,000 LY
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What force holds the entire universe together?
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Gravity
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What is a light year?
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The distance that light travels in one year
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What is the next nearest star to the sun? How far away is it?
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Proxima Centauri; 4.2 LY away
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What is the speed of light?
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300,000 km per second
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1 mile = ? km
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1.609 km
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1 km = ? miles
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0.6214 miles
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What are the basic building blocks of life?
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Amino acids, nucleotides
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What is DNA?
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The largest molecule known; determines which proteins will be assembled adn how they will be put together - BLUEPRINT.
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What special qualities does DNA have?
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Ability to change and copy itself
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What is the only thing that can have the same DNA?
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identical twins
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What is the job of a nucleotide?
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it holds together amino acids
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Amino acids consist of what two things?
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proteins (structure) and enzymes (controls chemical reactions)
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What was the purpose of the Miller & Urey experiment in the 1950s?
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Attempted to replicate teh early universe in a lab
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What 5 elements were used in the experiement?
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amonia, methane, water vapor, hydrogen, and electricity as a catalyst
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What was the result of the experiment?
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Amino acids and nucleotides - the building blocks of life
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With time and a liquid environment, what can appear and evolve spontaneously?
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Life
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What did the first organisms look like?
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single celled, algea, bacteria
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How many stars are in the Milky Way?
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100 billions
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Are there other earth like planets?
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yes
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What is the LIFE ZONE
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the distance away from a star at which water can exist in a liquid form
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What is natural selection and who is the ideas's founder?
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Survival of the fittest, Charles Darwin
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The Zodiac is also known as
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the ecliptic
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What are the pseudosciences?
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Astrology, UFOs, Natural phenomenon, honest report, psychological experience, government/scientific coverup
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What does SETI stand for?
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search for extraterrestrial intelligence
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Ocham's Razor
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All things being equal, the simplest solution tends to be the right one.
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Current atmosphere makeup
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Oxygen and nitrogen
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Limitations in space travel
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distance, time, speed
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What do we use to listen for extraterrestrial life?
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Radiotelescope
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What is mass?
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Mass is how much there is of an object
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What is weight?
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Weight is gravity acting on a mass.
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What are the five different units of measurement in the metric system?
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Length, mass, time, density, and force.
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What TWO SI units do we use frequently in astronomy?
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newton, joule
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What is a newton
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unit of force; force necessary to accelerate 1kg mass 1m per/second
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What is a joule
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unit of energy; energy produced by force of 1 newton acting through a distance of 1 meter.
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What is a Kelvin?
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temperature measured from absolute zero
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What is absolute zero?
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an object that cannot have any more heat extracted (one millionth of a degree)
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Why did we keep latin names for constellations
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Because Latin is a dead language
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Greek letters and stars - how are they assigned?
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brightest star, alpha, and so on
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Who developed the magnitude scale
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Hipp
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Do constellations change over time/seasons?
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Yes
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