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Latent Heat
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stored heat
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Evaporation
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liquid to gas
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Condensation
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gas to liquid, energy must be released
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Melting
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change from a soild to a liquid
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Freezing
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changes from a liquid to a soild
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Sublimation
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soild to a gas
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Deposition
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frost ( gas to solid)
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Humidity
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amount of water vapor in the atmosphere
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Saturation
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water entering the atmosphere equals the amount leaving
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Relative humidity
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the level of saturation of the air
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Decrease temperature
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does not change the amount of water, just the percent saturation
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Dew Point
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temperature at which the air is saturated and any decrease in temperature will allow water to be percipitated
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Adiabatic cooling/heating
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changes in temperature due to the expansion (cooling) or compression (heating) of gases
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Decrease in air
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decrease in temperature and the dew point is reacher
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Stable atmosphere
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rising air cools faster than the surrounding atmosphere
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Unstable
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rising air cools more slowly than the surrounding atmosphere
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Cirrus Cloud
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high, wispy, thin, icy
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Cumulus Clouds
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cotton balls, darker
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Stratus Clouds
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sheet of larger clouds
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Nimbus Clouds
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storm clouds
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Radiation
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from the rapid cooling of the land
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Advection
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warm air moving over a cold surface
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Steam
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due to evaportion
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Rain
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water drops over 1/2 mm
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Drizzle
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water drops less than 1/2 mm
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Sleet
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rain passes through a cold zone and freezes
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Freezing Rain
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rain freezes when contacting a cold surface
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Hail
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forms in cumulonimbus clouds in concertric layers
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Wind
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movement of air from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
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Nuclei
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form around dust, salt
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Ice Crystals
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forms as snow and may melt on the way down
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Anticyclone
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higher pressures toward the center
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Cyclone
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lower pressure toward the center
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High pressure
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air filling into warmer areas, so dew point is not reacher, fair condition
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Low pressure
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rising air cools and forms clouds
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Front
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boundary between air masses that differ in temperature
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Warm Front
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-warm air rises over cold air
-stable air, so flat, over few days, get some precipitation
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Cold Front
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-cold air forces itself unfer warm air
-cumulonimbus clouds so heavy, rapid, precipitaion
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Thunderstrom
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downdrafts develop with heavy rain
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Lightning
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negative stream initiate positive flow to cloud
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Tornadoes
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results from the rapid updraft of air rushing into an area of very low pressure, associated with cumulonimbus clouds, occur where very cold, dy air and very warm wet air meet
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Hurricanes
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also called typoons in the Pacific and cyclones in the indian
- winds must be over 74mph
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Eye
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center of the hurricane where conditions subside
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Strom Surge
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-most damage and death
-water pushed by hurricane may rasied local sea level by 10 feet
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Lake effect snow
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cool polar air picks up moisture over an inland lake
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