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the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective
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anomie
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the use of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations
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applied sociology
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sociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the social phenomena
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basic/pure sociology
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use of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restrcturing social institutions
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clinical sociology
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sociological approach that assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between competing groups
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conflict perspective
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vieww of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers
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dramaturgical approach
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element or prcess of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability
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dysfunction
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sociological approach that views inequality in gender as central to all behavior and organization
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feminist approach
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approach that emphasizes teh way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability
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functionalist perspective
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worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas
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globalization
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construct or model for evaluating specifice cases
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ideal type
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approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole
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interactionist perspective
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an unconscious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes
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latent function
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investigation that concentrates on largescale phenomena or entire civilizations
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macrosociology
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open, stated, and conscious function
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manifest function
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investigation taht stresses the study of small groups, often through experimental means
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microsociology
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study of the physical features of nature and the ways in which they interact and change
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natural science
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sending of messages through use of gestures, facial expressions,and postures
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nonverbal communication
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condition in society in which members of society have differening amounts of wealth, prestige, or power
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social inequality
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study of social features of humans and the ways in which they interact and change
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social science
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awareness of the relationsip between an indicidual and the wider society, both today and in the past
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sociological imagination
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scientific study of social behavior and human groups
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sociology
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set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions or behavior
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theory
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understanding or insight; stress need to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions
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verstehen
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described sociological thinking
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C. Wright MIlls
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studied the relationship between suicide and social factors; coined term anomie
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Emile Durkheim
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coined the term sociology, thought theoretical science of society and systematic investigation of behavior were needed to improve society
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Auguste Comte
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writings emphasized the impact that the economy, trade, law, health, and population could have on social problems; spoke for rights of women, emancipation of slaves, and religious tolerance
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Harriet Martineau
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he applied the concept of evolution to species of society in order to explain how they change, over time
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Herbert Spencer
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taught students to use verstehen; ideal type; wanted to provided a useful standard for measuring how bureaucratic an actual organization was
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Max Weber
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wrote Comunist Manifesto with Engels, believed society was divided into the exploiters and exploited, thought group associations influence individuals place in society
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Karl Marx
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his work increased understanding of groups of small size
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Charles Horton Cooley
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used intellect, social service work, and political activism to assist the underprivileged and creat a more equal society
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Jane Addams
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combined theory and research; said sociology needed to bring together the "macro-level" and the "micro-level"
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Robert Merton
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relationship between a variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the other
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Casual logic
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standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for members of a profession
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code of ethics
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systematic coding and objective recording of data guided by some rationale
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content analysis
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subjects in experiment who are NOT introduced to independent variable
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control groups
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factor that is held constant to test the relative impact of independent variable
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control variable
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relationship between two variable; change in one does not necessarily mean a change in other (not causation)
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correlation
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table shows the relationship between 2 or more variable
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cross-tabulation
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variable in a casual relationship that is subject to the influence of another variable
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dependent variable
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study of an entire social stting through extended systematic observation
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ethnography
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subjects exposed to independent variable
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experimental group
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unintended influence that observers of experiments can have on their subjecets
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Hawthorne effect
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variable that causes or influences change in a second variable
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independent variable
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explanation of an abstract concept that is specific enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept
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operational definition
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extent to which a measure produces consistent results
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reliability
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variety of research techniques that make use of previously collected and publicly accessible information and data
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secondary analysis
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degree to which a measuer or scale truly refleects the phenomeneon under study
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validity
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