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What is an Issue?
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An Issue is raised when a claim is in question.
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What is an Argument:
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An attempt to support a claim or assertion by providing a reason or reasons for accepting it.
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What is a Conclusion?
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In Argument it is the claim that is argued for.
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What is a premise?
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The claim or claims in an argument that provide the reasons for believing the conclusion.
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What are premise indicators?
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Words or Phrases that often indicate a premise is about to be stated.
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What are Factual Issues?
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An issue that there are generally accepted methods for settling.
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What are non-factual issues?
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An issue concerning which neither of two disagreeing parties is required to be mistaken or concerning which there is no general method of resolving.
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What is a factual Claim?
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A claim about a factual issue.
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What is subjectivism?
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The assumption that what is true for one person is not neccessarily true for another person.
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What is relativism?
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The view that two different cultures can be correct in their differing opinions on the same issue.
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What can you do with a claim?
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Accept, Reject or Suspend Judment.
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What every claim has.
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Truth Value
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What is truth value?
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It is either true or false.
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What is an Issue?
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The topic being debated.
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What can whether be used as?
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It should be used as an issue indicator.
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What must every argument have?
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one conclusion and one issue.
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DESCRIBE:::Matter Of Fact and Matter of Opinion.
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Factual matters have a general accepted method of testing whether it is true or false, A matter of opinion is based on personal beliefs.
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What is Vague?
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Claims that have several meanings.
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What is a Euphemism?
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Used Car>>PreOWNED Placing something in a more positive tone.
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Dysphemism?
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Places a negative spin on something.
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Stereotype?
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All Asians are smart.
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What is an Innuendo?
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Saying Something but meaning something else
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What is a loaded question?
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Trap questions. Have you stopped beating your wife?
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Weaseler
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Way to back out of a claim
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Hyperbole
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An extravagent overstatement. (BEST MOVIE EVER)
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Proof Surrogate
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Implies that there is some sort of authority behind a claim.
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Rhetorical Comparison
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PLaces an Emotional Spin HOT AS HELL, COLD AS ICE
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Whats an Argument from outrage?
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In example: What do you think they are doing with your tax dollars? Throwing it in the gutter to supply funding for.......blah.
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Scapegoating
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In Example>It's All my grandparents fault, they were german.
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Scare Tactic
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Not a Warning...In Example>"I'm not going to a concert tonight and neither should you because there are burglars outrage.
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Argument by force
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In Example:I'm gonna kill you if you don't vote for me!
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Argument From Pity
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In Example>Buy me a car cause i'm poor!
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Apple Polishing?
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In Example>>Heres a dozen roses mom, can i get a new sweater?
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Wishful Thinking?
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When you accept a claim because you want it to be true.
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Peer Pressure
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Pressure from your peers.
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Group think Fallacy?
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A club or school, deals with group identity. I.E. They ride skateboards, everyone like them, i should ride a skateboard, everyone will like me.
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What is rationalizing?
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Try to make something look better than it is. In Example>>i can not study today, and thats okay cuz i will study harder tomorrow.
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Argumentation Ad Hominim
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Is the most common of all mistakes in reassoning. Confusion between the qualities of the claim and the qualities of the person.
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What is an Independant premise?
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They stand alone even though one might be wrong, the other might be correct. In example: I had a meeting on campus
I was early to class
Therefore my lecture was better prepared.
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Dependant Premisises
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They depend on eachother.. If one is wrong, then so is the other.
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The difference between a good and bad rgument?
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A good argument is one that provide suffiecient reasoning for accepting the conclusion. A bad argument is one that is not sufficient.
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What is a sound argument?
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It is valid and it's premises are all true.
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Deductive Aregument?
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One that is attempting to be valid only looks at the fact.
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Inductive Argument?
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More Common, not as solid, brings extra info into the situation.
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What is a probability Rate?
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If it is high the argument is strong, if it is low the argument is weak.
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