|
Sociology
|
the scientific study of groups and their relationship with one another
|
|
|
Society
|
a group of people who share a culture and territory
|
|
|
Auguste Comte
|
Father of Sociology
|
|
|
Herbert Spencer
|
Social Darwinism, "survival of the fittest"
|
|
|
Karl Marx
|
class conflict; different classes=inequality=conflict
|
|
|
Emile Durkheim
|
social intergration (suicide anomie)
|
|
|
Max Weber
|
Protestant ethnic. German sociologist who believed that one must go what people do, beyond what they observe
|
|
|
Harriet Martineau
|
1st female recognized sociologist. Translated Comte
|
|
|
Jane Adams
|
Hull House, Gav't housing
|
|
|
Web Dubois
|
1st African American to earn a p.h.d at Harvard University.
|
|
|
C. Wright Mills
|
Social reform, Sociological Imagination
|
|
|
Sociological Imagination
|
your behavior is determined by your past and personal experiences
|
|
|
pre-industrial
|
rural, agriculture, manual labor
|
|
|
industrial
|
machines
|
|
|
post industrial
|
high tech
|
|
|
Functionalist
|
Merton-society is made up of inter-dependent parts that comes together and functions as a whole bringing about stability
|
|
|
Interactionalist
|
G.H. Meade-interation and reaction is determined by the type and size of group one intermingles with
|
|
|
anomie
|
"without norms" when the equilibrium is upset and people tend to act out of the norm usually occurs in time of crisis
|
|
|
theory
|
interrelated ideas the attempt to explain a phenomenon. Not a fact
|
|
|
Validity
|
Accuracy, find exactly what you want
|
|
|
Reliability
|
other research must be consistent with yours
|
|
|
manifest
|
find what you are looking for; intended
|
|
|
latent
|
find what you aren't looking for; unintended
|
|
|
3 eras
|
Preindustrial, industrial, post industrial
|
|
|
significant others
|
someone who is important to you and contribute to your self worth
|
|
|
C.H. Cooley
|
"looking glass self" we see ourselves as reflected through the eyes of others
|
|
|
Jean Piaget
|
cognitive theory-we see things depending on what stage of life we are in
|
|
|
Sigmund Freud
|
Psychoanalytic-mind, id, ego, superego
|
|
|
Status(2)
|
Achieved-work for
Ascribed-born with
|
|
|
dramaturgy
|
everyday life is like a theatrical event
|
|
|
psychological institution
|
set of organized beliefs and rules that establish how a society will attempt to meet its basic needs, regulate all aspects of a persons life under a single authority.
|
|
|
culture
|
totality of all learned behavior transfered from generation to another
|
|
|
material and nonmaterial
|
can touch and see and cannot touch or see
|
|
|
folkways
|
norms that aren't strictly enforced; everyday customs:please and thankyou
|
|
|
mores
|
strongly held norms w/moral and ethical connotation that may not be violated without serious consequences
|
|
|
laws
|
formal written standardized norms that have been enacted by legislative
|
|
|
Middle class measuring rod
|
middle and upper class set the standards for everyone else to follow
|
|
|
Ethnocentrism
|
when you think your culture is superior to all others
ad:loyalty, pride, patriotism
dis: close mindedness, no growth, discrimination
|
|
|
cultural diversity
|
difference
|
|
|
cultural lag
|
slowness in accepting change
|
|
|
cultural diffusion
|
process which a cultural trait is spread from group to group or society to society/adopting other cultural ways
|
|
|
culture shock
|
the feeling of surprise and disorientation that is experienced when people come into contact with a different culture
|
|
|
Socialization
|
interacting with people and leaning the ways of society
|
|
