|
What is sociology?
|
the study of society and social behavior
|
|
|
seeing the general in the particular, identifying patterns in the behavior of people and studying categories
|
sociological perspective
|
|
|
the study of larger world and our societys place in it
|
global perspective
|
|
|
nation with very productive economic systems in which most people have relatively high incomes
|
high-income country (US, Canada, Australia, Japan)
|
|
|
nation with moderately productive economic systems in which peoples incomes are about the global average
|
middle-income country (Eastern Europe, South Africa)
|
|
|
nation with less productive economic systems in which most ppl are poor
|
low-income country (Africa, Asia)
|
|
|
not part of a dominant group
|
outsider
|
|
|
man who believes society is cause of poverty and other social problems
|
C. Wright Mills
|
|
|
three dramatic changes in the development of sociology
|
1. industrialization
2. growth of cities
3. political change
|
|
|
"father of sociology", structural-functional
|
Comte
|
|
|
Spencer
|
structural-functional
|
|
|
Sociologist with great interest in suicide and structural-functional theory
|
Durkheim
|
|
|
sociologist with symbolic interaction theory
|
weber
|
|
|
society seen as a system whose parts work together in order to promote solidarity and stability. there are stable patterns of social behavior, and all structures have consequences which serve a function for society
|
structural-functional theory
|
|
|
society is seen as a structure that is full of inequality. this massive inequality generates conflict and is the motivation for change. all social structures benefit the elite and further deprive the poor
|
social conflict
|
|
|
society is the product of eeryday interaction of individuals. it is complex, changing, and subjective as every individual carries with them their own views, experiences, memories, thoughts, and expectations
|
symbolic interaction
|
|
|
obvious function
|
manifest
|
|
|
hidden, symbolic function
|
latent
|
|
|
the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together form a peoples way of lie
|
culture
|
|
|
the intangible world of ideas created by members of a society
|
nonmaterial culture
|
|
|
tangible things created by members of a society
|
material culture
|
|
|
personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
|
culture shock
|
|
|
biological programming over which an animal has no control
|
instinct
|
|
|
the human species
|
homo sapien
|
|
|
the founding of permanent settlements and growth of specialized occupations in the middle east
|
birth of civilization
|
|
|
anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture
|
symbol
|
|
|
a ystem of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another
|
language
|
|
|
the process by which one generation passes culture to the next
|
cultural transmission
|
|
|
rules and expectations
|
norms
|
|
|
serious rules with great significance
|
mores
|
|
|
less serious rules that are social norms
|
folkways
|
|
|
physical objects of human creation
|
artifacts
|
|
|
knowledge that is applied to the task of living
|
technology
|
|
|
society transmitting culture through speech
|
oral cultural tradition
|
|
|
discovered that Kanzi, a chimpanzee, could learn language by listening to and observing people
|
E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh
|
|
|
people percieve the world through the cultural lense of language
|
Sapir-Whorf thesis
|
|
|
culturally defined standards by which people assess desirability, goodness, and beauty and that serves as broad guidelines for social living
|
values
|
|
|
specific statements that people hold to be true
|
beliefs
|
|
|
man who declares that our way of life is becoming "a culture of victimization" and "no one accepts responsibility for anything"
|
Irving Horowitz
|
|
|
cultural patterns that set apart some segment of societys population.. still part of larger culture
|
subculture
|
|
|
cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely held by society
|
counterculture
|
|
|
various means by which members of a society encourage conformity to norms
|
social control
|
|
