Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Sir Robert Peel
|
made the tithing system while in congress
|
|
|
London Metropolitan Police
|
Scotland Yard
|
|
|
Three Eras of Modern Policing
|
political, reform, community
|
|
|
August Vollmer
|
helped create academic courses for police and helped create the police we know today
|
|
|
FBI
|
Federal Bereau of Investigation
|
|
|
DEA
|
Drug Enforcement Administration
|
|
|
U.S. Marshalls
|
Main duties include providing security at federal courts, protecting government witnesses, transporting federal prisoners. Also operates Federal Witness Security program
|
|
|
ATF
|
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives: concerned with the illegal sale, possession, and use of firearms and the control of untaxed liquor and tobacco products
|
|
|
IRS
|
Internal Revenue Service: enforces violations of income, excise, stamp and other tax laws. Often involved with a variety of types of crimes from a tax “point of view” (e.g. gambling and selling drugs)
*3 divisions -examination branch -collections -criminal investigation division (CID) |
|
|
ICE
|
Immigration and Customs Enforcement: created after 9/11 by combining the law enforcement arms of the former immigration and naturalization service (INS) and the former US Customs Service
-Goal: “to more effectively enforce our immigration and customs laws and to protect the US against terrorist attacks |
|
|
CBP
|
Customs and Border Protection: main duties include monitoring and policing the flow of good and people across the United States international borders with Mexico and Canada
|
|
|
US Secret Service
|
protects the President, VP and others
-enforces laws against counterfeiting |
|
|
State Police Agencies
|
highway safety
-law enforcement in various areas -technical support to other agencies |
|
|
County Sheriff’s Department/County Police Department
|
law enforcement
-local corrections (jail) -court–related duties -in some places they collect taxes |
|
|
Thurman v. City of Torrington (1984)
|
landmark case on police failure to protect victims of domestic violence
-mandatory arrest laws |
|
|
The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
|
Experiment where police response to minor domestic disturbances was randomly determined.
possible responses were *arrest *separate *advise |
|
|
mandatory arrest laws
|
advantages
*more uniform – people treated equally *takes discretion away from cops -disadvantages *not fair in some cases *people can be arrested when they did nothing *may prevent people from calling the police because they don’t want to be arrested |
|
|
the police academy
|
law of arrest, search, seizure and interrogation
-weapons use -crime scene preservation -witness interviewing -First aid -report writing -physical training and more……. |
|
|
field training
|
rookies teamed with seasoned officers
-recruits are socialized into the subculture. (Socialized = taking on the rules and values of a group or subculture) |
|
|
Five Basic Values of Police Subcultures
|
only a police officer can understand the “true” nature of police work
>the courts have placed too many restrictions on the police. To fight crime police may be forced to bend or break the law >the police officer is the ONLY REAL CRIME FIGHTER >the public is fickle when it comes to police work. They are quick to criticize unless they are the ones who need help >loyalty is the highest virtue among police officers because everyone else is out to get them |
|
|
The “Blue Curtain” a.k.a The Code
|
the core values of the police subculture separate them from the civilians that they are meant to protect
|
|
|
Effects of Stress
|
alcoholism
>depressions or suicide – avg of 300/year >divorce >violence >PTSD |
|
|
Police Cynicism
|
characterized by rejection of the ideals of truth and justice –the very values that an officer is sworn to uphold
|
|
|
When is Police Use of Non-deadly force OK
|
to prevent an escape
>to retake a suspect after an escape attempt >to overcome an offender’s resistance to a lawful arrest >to protect the officer from bodily harm >to protect the suspect, other persons, or property from harm |
|
|
Types of Police Corruption
|
Bribery: money or other forms of payment for favors
>Mooching: free “gifts” for favorable treatment >Shakedowns: attempts to coerce money or goods from a citizen or criminal |
|
|
Causes of Police Corruption
|
lack of proper training
>lack of supervision >exorbitant money that can be made >insulating effects of the police subculture |
|
|
Tennessee vs. Garner
|
it is improper to fire at a fleeing suspect
|
|
|
Broken Windows Theory
|
Neighborhood disorder creates fear
>Neighborhoods give out crime-promoting signals >Police need citizen’s cooperation |
|
|
Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment (1972-1973)
|
>”Reactive” beats – all preventive patrol withdrawn. Answered only calls for service
>”Proactive” beats – Preventive patrol increased >”Control” beats – same level of services as before >Variations in patrol techniques (normal, proactive, and reactive) had very little effect on crime and citizen’s attitudes towards the police |
|
|
Miranda vs. Arizona (1966)
|
you have the right to remain silent
>if you decide to make a statement, the statement can and will be used against you in a court of law >you have the right to have an attorney present at the time of the interrogation, or you will have an opportunity to consult with an attorney. >if you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you by the state. The Effects of Miranda >little effect on number of confessions and convictions >forced the police to use investigative techniques other than confessions |
|
|
Stop and Frisk
|
police do not need probable cause to stop a person who is reasonably suspected of criminal activity, whether in a car or on foot.
>however, they must have a reasonable suspicion that the suspect is armed and presently dangerous in order to frisk for concealed weapons |
|
|
Warrantless Searches
|
diminished expectation of privacy in automobiles
>however, to search a car one of three things must occur: -the person gives consent -the person is arrested -the police have probably cause that an automobile contains evidence of a crime |
|
|
Exclusionary Rule
|
no object may be used in court as evidence if obtained illegally or without a proper search warrant
|
|
|
Differential Response System
|
a patrol strategy that assigns priorities to calls for service and chooses the appropriate response
|
