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Barron v. Baltimore
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~The Bill of Rights only applies t othe federal government, not the state governments.
~Deals with CIVIL LIBERTIES.
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Engle v. Vitale
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~1st amendment/religion case
~requiring prayer in public schools is unconstitutional
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New York Times v. Sullivan
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~1st amendment
~if the press publicizes a falsehood with actual malice, then they are in trouble
~if the falsehood was an accident, the press is not in trouble
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Roe v. Wade
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~4th, 5th, and 9th amendments
~women have the right to an abortion during the first trimester
~changed the laws of 46 states
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Gregory v. Chicago
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~1st amendment, due process clause of the 14th amendment
~police must protect peaceful protestors, not the people who attack them
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Miranda v. Arizona
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~criminal defendants' rights and the due process clause of the 14th amendment
~police must inform people accused of a crime of their rights before interrogation, otherwise the interrogation cannot be used in court
~establishes procedural due process of law
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Lemon v. Kurtzman
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~1st amendment/religion
~the government cannot advance or inhibit a religion
~established the Lemon Test:
1. Is there a secular purpose?
2. Is a religion advanced or inhibited?
3. Is there excessive government entanglement with religion?
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Gideon v. Wainwright
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~criminal defendants' rights
~6th and 14th amendments
~everybody is entitled to an attorney even if they cannot afford one
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Mapp v. Ohio
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~police need a search warrant to go into somebody's house and collect evidence for a trial
~exclusionary rule - illegally obtained evidence is excluded from the court
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Baker v. Carr
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~equal protection clause
~"one man, one vote"
~the Supreme Court has the power to force a state legislature to redistrict itself
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UC Regents v. Bakke
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~government subsidized universities can use affirmative action as a tie breaker between candidates, but it cannot have racial quotas, which violate the equal protection clause
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In Re Gault
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~due process clase of the 14th amendment
~established procedural due process for juvenile courts
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
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~equal protection clause
~"separate but equal" doctrine is not equal, violated the 14th amendment
~schools ordered to desegregate
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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~slaves who escaped to free states are still slaves
~says the Missouri Compromise violated the equal protection clause
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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~established the "separate but equal" doctrine
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Reed v. Reed
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~equal protection clause
~sexual discrimination violates the equal protection clause
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Gitlow v. New York
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~free speech clause/civil rights
~starts selective incorporation
~1st amendment protections apply to the state governments as well as the national government
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Bowers v. Hardwick
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~equal protection clause
~upheld Georgia's laws banning homosexual relations
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Griswold v. Connecticut
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~abortion
~established privacy rights for married couples and the right to counsel on birth control
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Schenck v. United States
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~1st amendment
~clear and present danger voids 1st amendment protections
~advocating avoiding the draft during a war is not protected by the 1st amendment
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Miller v. California
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~established guidelines for determining of material is obscene
1. Does the material violate state obscenity laws?
2. Does it offend the average person?
3. Does it conform to local standards?
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Texas v. Johnson
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~1st amendment
~flag burning is symbolic speech and is protected by the 1st amendment
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Tinkers v. Des Moines
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~students wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War is symbolic speech protected by the 1st amendment
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Everson v. The Board of Education
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~students can get reimbursment for busing to school
~does not violate the establishment clause of the 1st amendment because busing is a purely secular activity
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Abbington v. Schempp
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~requiring Bible-reading in public schools violates the 1st and 14th amendments
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Epperson v. Arkansas
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~1st amendment's free speech and establishment clauses
~prohibiting a teacher from teaching evolution violates the 1st amendment
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Shaw v. Reno
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~racial gerrymandering violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
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