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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytokines regulate
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Intensity and Duration of Immune Response (innate and adaptive)
Haematopoiesis Wound Healing |
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Cytokines regulate
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Intensity and Duration of Immune Response (innate and adaptive)
Haematopoiesis Wound Healing |
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Cytokines are
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Low molecular weight regulatory proteins/glycoproteins
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Cytokines are
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Low molecular weight regulatory proteins/glycoproteins
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What are interleukins?
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Cytokines from Leukocytes
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What are interleukins?
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Cytokines from Leukocytes
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Characterisics of Cytokines
(5) |
Most have unique receptors (apart from chemokines)
Most are secreted (some are membrane bound) Work as part of a network Work Locally + In V Low Concentrations Have short half life |
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Characterisics of Cytokines
(5) |
Most have unique receptors (apart from chemokines)
Most are secreted (some are membrane bound) Work as part of a network Work Locally + In V Low Concentrations Have short half life |
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"Families of Cytokines (based on S
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not F)"
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"Families of Cytokines (based on S
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not F)"
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Cytokines regulate by affecting
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Proliferation
Differentiation Cell Survival/Death Activation Migration (chemokines) |
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Cytokines regulate by affecting
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Proliferation
Differentiation Cell Survival/Death Activation Migration (chemokines) |
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Actions of cytokines can be
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Autocrine - affecting the own cell
Paracrine - affecting nearby cells Endocrine - affecting a distant site Pleiotropic - one cytokine has many effects Redundant - many cytokines have similar actions |
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Actions of cytokines can be
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Autocrine - affecting the own cell
Paracrine - affecting nearby cells Endocrine - affecting a distant site Pleiotropic - one cytokine has many effects Redundant - many cytokines have similar actions |
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Example of Autocrine
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IL2 by activated T Cells
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Example of Autocrine
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IL2 by activated T Cells
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Example of Paracrine
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IL12 by macrophage -> T cell to Th cell
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Example of Paracrine
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IL12 by macrophage -> T cell to Th cell
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Example of Endocrine
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IL1 from macrophage affects brain cells (hypothalamus)
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Example of Endocrine
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IL1 from macrophage affects brain cells (hypothalamus)
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Cytokines can act in manner that's
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Synergistic
Antagonistic Feedback loop |
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Cytokines can act in manner that's
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Synergistic
Antagonistic Feedback loop |
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Cytokine Receptor Structure
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More than one sub unit - 2-3
Some for binding - some for signal transduction |
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Cytokine Receptor Structure
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More than one sub unit - 2-3
Some for binding - some for signal transduction |
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Regulation of Cytokines
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Induction ->
mRNA is formed (along w/ regulatory micro RNA in some cases) -> the receptors have receptor antagonists -> also Soluble Receptors to mop up cytokines -> there's inhibitors of cytokine signalling |
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Regulation of Cytokines
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Induction ->
mRNA is formed (along w/ regulatory micro RNA in some cases) -> the receptors have receptor antagonists -> also Soluble Receptors to mop up cytokines -> there's inhibitors of cytokine signalling |
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Micro RNA
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Causes degradation of mRNA
As forms a protein complex - RISC complex |
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Micro RNA
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Causes degradation of mRNA
As forms a protein complex - RISC complex |
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Cytokine Signalling is supressed through
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SOCS - inhibits the JAK/STAT pathway
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Cytokine Signalling is supressed through
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SOCS - inhibits the JAK/STAT pathway
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Order of regulation of Cytokines
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DNA Level - Induction/Inhibition
Post transcription - miR Protein Level - Maturation/Secretion/Soluble Receptors Signalling Level - Anatagonists/Receptors/Inhibitors |
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Order of regulation of Cytokines
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DNA Level - Induction/Inhibition
Post transcription - miR Protein Level - Maturation/Secretion/Soluble Receptors Signalling Level - Anatagonists/Receptors/Inhibitors |
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Disturbed Cytokines in Autoimmune?
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R.A
Psoriatic Arthritis |
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Disturbed Cytokines in Autoimmune?
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R.A
Psoriatic Arthritis |
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Disturbed Cytokines in Sepsis?
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"Massive Increase in: TNF
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Disturbed Cytokines in Sepsis?
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"Massive Increase in: TNF
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Disturbed Cytokines in Tumours?
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Cervical and Bladder get Increase IL-6
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Disturbed Cytokines in Tumours?
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Cervical and Bladder get Increase IL-6
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Chemokines are
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Chemoattractant Cytokines
'Secreted Regulators of Leukocyte Homing + Function' |
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Chemokines are
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Chemoattractant Cytokines
'Secreted Regulators of Leukocyte Homing + Function' |
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Chemokines are for
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Development
Blood Production Leucocyte Trafficking Inflammation |
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Chemokines are for
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Development
Blood Production Leucocyte Trafficking Inflammation |
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What are integrins?
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Heterodimers - alpha and beta subunits
Attach cells to surface Help cells to stop Help cells to move |
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What are integrins?
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Heterodimers - alpha and beta subunits
Attach cells to surface Help cells to stop Help cells to move |
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Chemokines in inflammation
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Inducible Chemokines
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Chemokines in inflammation
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Inducible Chemokines
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Chemokines in homeostasis
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Constitutive Chemokines
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Chemokines in homeostasis
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Constitutive Chemokines
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How many chemokines?
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~45
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How many chemokines?
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~45
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Different forms of chemokines
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alpha
beta gamma delta |
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Different forms of chemokines
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alpha
beta gamma delta |
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Amount of each type
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beta - 28
alpha - 16 gamma - 1 delta - 1 |
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Amount of each type
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beta - 28
alpha - 16 gamma - 1 delta - 1 |
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Chemokine receptors - number and structure
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~19 receptors and 3 atypical receptors
Structure = 7-TM chemokine receptors |
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Chemokine receptors - number and structure
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~19 receptors and 3 atypical receptors
Structure = 7-TM chemokine receptors |
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Tissue Address is made of?
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Selectins
Chemokines Integrins |
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Tissue Address is made of?
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Selectins
Chemokines Integrins |
