Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Filtration depends on a specific vital statistic - what is it?
|
Filtration is influenced by blood pressure
|
|
|
How is GFR altered by the body, over the short term?
|
If GFR gets too big, afferent arteriole is constricted to reduce blood flow to nephrons, letting GFR go down again
If GFR gets too small, afferent arteriole is dilated to increase blood flow to nephrons, letting GFR rise again this process is called "local control" or "short term control" |
|
|
How is filtration altered by the body, over the long term?
|
Long term control is the renin angiotensin cascade, to alter BP regulation, signaled by the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys
For long term, if GFR is too high, levels of renin will drop> angiotensin decreases> aldosterone decreases > less salt > less water > less pressure > less GFR for long term low GFR, opposite process occurs |
|
|
What kinds of substances are reabsorbed from urine? How is this accomplished?
|
Reabsorbed from urine (usually passive via enzymes, regulated by channels opening and closing)
Salt (passive, osmosis) Water (passive, osmosis) HCO3- (diffusion) Glucose Amino Acids |
|
|
What substance is secreted into urine, making it increasingly more acidic? How is this accomplished?
|
Secreted into urine (usually active transport)
H+ (acid) (Active transport, normally) |
|
|
What is the long term mechanism for changing H20 (water) reabsorption?
|
When H2O is excessive, ADH goes down > H2O channels close > reabsorption of H20 goes down = flush
When H20 is low, ADH goes up > H2O channels open > reabsorption goes up |
|
|
What is the long term mechanism for changing Na+ (salts) reabsorption?
|
When Blood Na+ goes up, Aldosterone goes down > Na+ channels close > reabsorption of Na+ goes down
When Blood Na+ goes down, Aldosterone rises > Na+ channels open > reabsorption of Na+ goes up |
|
|
How would urine/urinalysis change when a person has renal disease?
|
Renal disease = brownish urine, large molecules getting in urine
|
|
|
How would urine/urinalysis change when a person has diabetes melitus?
|
Diabetes melitus = glucose in urine (sustained, or after fasting), high osmolarity
|
|
|
How would urine/urinalysis change when a person has diabetes insipidus?
|
Diabetes insipidus = clearish and high volume urine, low osmolarity
|
|
|
What are ECF and ICF? How do they relate to IV fluids?
|
ICF (Intracellular fluid/cytosol)
ECF (Extracellular fluid) - Plasma, Interstitial fluid (between cells) = exchangable to small solutes, can go in or out of cell Hypertonic (high salt) solution IV = Blood cells shrink (crenate) Hypotonic (low salt) solution IV = Blood cells expand - prolonged excess may be signaled by pitting edema or inspiratory rales secondary regulation of tonicity may be accomplished by sweating/thirst |
|
|
What are alkalois and acidosis? How are they compensated for within the body?
|
Acidosis (high acid, low Ph(7.35-)) and alkalosis (high base, high Ph (7.45+)) may be regulated by chemical buffers (within seconds), breathing (within minutes, short term), or renal mechanisms (within hours or days, long term)
CO2 + H20 (Respiratory side) <> H2CO3 <> H+ + HCO3- (Renal/Metabolic side) |
|
|
What is metabolic acidosis/alkalosis? How is it compensated for?
|
Metabolic acidosis/alkalosis (due to diet, breathing does opposite to compensate (breathes faster/slower))
|
|
|
What is respiratory acidosis/alkalosis? How is it compensated for?
|
Respiratory acidosis/alkalosis (due to breathing), renal system opposes to compensate (increased/decreased acidity in urine, decreased/increased reabsorption of acid)
|
|
|
How would having diarrhea alter body chemistry?
|
Diarrhea > Metabolic acidosis (due to increased feces (basic) leaving body), breathing rate increases to blow off excess acid
|
|
|
What are "normal" measured stats for pCO2 and HCO3-?
|
normal pCO2 35-45 mm Hg, normal HCO3- about 25 meq/liter
|
