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185 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Where did the first homo-sapiens emerge?
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Africa
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What advancements were made by Paleolithic peoples?
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first tools
use of fire oral language cave art |
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The beginning of agriculture
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Neolithic Age
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What advancements were made during the Neolithic Age
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agriculture
domestication of animals used advanced tools pottery and weaving skills |
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How do archaeologists date remains
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Carbon 14
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Where was Egyptian civilization located
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Nile River in Egypt
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What is Mesopotamia
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land between two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)
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On what river was India's ancient civilization?
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Indus
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On what river did Shang civilization emerge?
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Huang He
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Fertile Crescent
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crescent-shaped area of fertile land extending from the Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean Sea
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What two products were traded by Phoenicia?
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purple dye and cedar wood
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What was the first monotheistic religion
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Hebrew/Jewish
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Who is often considered to have written the first code of laws?
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Hammurabi
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Sumerian writing system--the world's first
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cuneiform
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burial chambers for Eygpt's pharaohs
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Pyramids
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Book containing the written records and beliefs of Hebrews
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Torah
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Religiou and moral code of conduct for Hebrews
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Ten Commandments
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two prophets of Judaism
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Abraham and Moses
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Who developed the first alphabet
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Phoenicians
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ancient Egyptian writing
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Hieroglyphics
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Persian prophet
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Zoroaster
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Empire that controlled the Iranian Plateau and was tolerant over conquered peoples
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Persia
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Developed the caste system
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Aryans
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Golden Age of Ancient India when new textiles were made, literature and mathematics were advanced
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Gupta
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Rigidly structured organization of society based on occupation
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caste system
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Religion which included caste system
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Hindu
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Brahma
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Hindu god/creator who takes on many forms
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Holy books of Hinduism
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Vedas and Upanishads
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belief that future incarnation is based on present behavior
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karma (Hindu)
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religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama
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Buddhism
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his missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia
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Asoka
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Eightfold Path and Four Noble Truths
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Buddhist religious doctrine/beliefs, explain suffering and correct behavior
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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Contributions made by classical China
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porcelain
silk civil service paper gunpowder |
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often credited with construction of the Great Wall of China
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Shi Huangti
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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Chinese built this as a defensive barrier against invasion
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Great Wall of China
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Chinese belief that their rulers were divine and would only rule as long as they were just
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Mandate of Heaven
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connected East Asia and southwest Asia facilitating trade between China and Rome/Byzantine
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Silk Road
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Beliefs include: belief that humans are good, respect, politeness, government is good, education, ancestor worship
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Confucianism
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founder of Taoism
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Lao Tzu
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Teaches harmony with nature, humility, simple life
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Taoism
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religion that spread from China throughout Asia
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Buddhism
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Describe Greece's geography?
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Peninsula with limited fertile land making trade necessary that controlled the Aegean Sea. Mild climate promoted life outdoors. Need to colonize abroad for land and because of overpopulation
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Zeus
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king of Greek Olympic gods
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Hera
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Queen/mother of Greek gods
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Aprhodite
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Greek goddess of love
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Type of government Athens had during its golden age
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direct democracy
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tyrant reformer of Athens whose laws were too harsh
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Draco
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tyrant-reformer who made Athens more democratic
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Solon
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Who could not participate in Athens' democracy?
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women, slaves, foreigners
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militaristic city-state with an oligarchy; rivaled Athens
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Sparta
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Wars between Greece and Persia
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Persian Wars
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Two victories for Greece over Persia in the Persian Wars
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Marathon and Salamis
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Why was the Persian Wars important to the development of Greek culture?
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led to the creation of the Delian League; temporary unification of Greek city-states; led to Athenian Golden Age
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leader of the Athenian Golden Age
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Pericles
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wars between Athens and its Delian League and Sparta and its allies
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Peloponnesian War
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Results of the Peloponnesian War
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ended Athenian Golden Age; ripe for attack by Philip II
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Greek marketplace and meeting place
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agora
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great temple built during the reign of Pericles with oversight by Phidias
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Parthenon
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Greek fortified hill
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Acropolis
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first playwright
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Aeschylus
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writer of the Iliad and Odyssey
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Homer
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great Greek sculptor of Athena and Zeus
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Phidias
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Father of History; wrote Persian Wars
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Herodotus
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wrote of the Peloponnesian Wars
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Thucydides
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developed the water screw, pi, and improved use of lever
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Archimedes
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father of scientific medicine
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Hippocrates
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father of geometry
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Euclid
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great philosopher who was sentenced to death; taught knowledge is the greatest virtue
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Socrates
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wrote the Republic; student of Socrates
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Plato
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teacher of Alexander the Great
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Aristotle
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student of Plato; scientifically classified plants and animals; logic
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Aristotle
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responsible for spreading Hellenistic culture
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Alexander the Great
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Greek-like culture that blended with Oriental cultures
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Hellenistic
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Describe Rome's geography
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centrally located in Mediterranean Basin, Alps provided some protection, fertile soil
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Modern day France
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Gaul
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Germanic tribe that settled in England
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Angles
Saxons |
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Our planets are named after
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Roman gods and goddesses
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Jupiter
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king of Roman gods
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Venus
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Goddess of love (Rome)
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patricians
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powerful nobility of Rome
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plebeians
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majority of Romans; commoners
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Laws of Rome
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12 Tables
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Rome's laws guaranteed
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Innocent until proven guilty
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Wars between Rome and Carthage
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Punic Wars
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Carthaginian general who invaded Rome during the Second Punic War
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Hannibal
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How did Rome gain control of the western Med. and trade through the region
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Victory against Carthage in Punic Wars
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Causes for the decline of the Roman Republic
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spread of slavery,
migration of small farmers to the cities, civil war and the death of Julius Caesar, and inflation |
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Why was Julius Caesar assassinated
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Some senators felt he was becoming too powerful
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who defeated Mark Antony to become Rome's first emperor
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Augustus
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who was the emperor who began the Pax Romana
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Augustus
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200 year period of peace and prosperity for the Roman Empire
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Pax Romana
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As Rome's empire grew, what happened to the power of the senate
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went down
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As Rome's empire grew, what happened to the power of the senate
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went down
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What was the impact of the Pax Romana
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uniform system of currency, safe travel and trade, expansion of the Roman Empire, social stability
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Who was the apostle who spread Christianity to the people of the Roman Empire
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Paul
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Which Roman emperor legalized and adopted Christianity
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Constantine
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Edict of Milan
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legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire (Constantine)
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book that tells of the life and teachings of Jesus
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New Testament
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3 monotheistic religions
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Judaism, Christiantiy, Islam
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monotheistic
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belief in one god
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As Rome's empire fell, what happened to the power of the Catholic Church
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it increased
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Roman architectural contributions
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dome, road, Pantheon, Colosseum, aqueduct, Roman arch
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language of Rome
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Latin
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the Romance languages (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, etc.) are based on
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Latin
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writer of the Aenied
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Virgil
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belief in many gods
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polytheistic
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people from northern Europe who invaded northern Europe from sea
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Vikings
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Why did the Western Roman Empire decline?
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cost of defense, inflation, moral decay, political problems, civil wars, unclear line of succession, invasions by barbarians
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Two reforms by Constantine
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legalized Christianity and move capital to Constantinople, previously Byzantium
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emperor who divided the Roman empire into East and West
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Diocletian
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Capital of the Byzantine Empire
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Constantinople
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Geographical advantages to Constantinople
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easily protected, away from Germanic invasions, crossroads of trade, close to Silk Road, great harbor
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Great Byzantine emperor
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Justinian
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3 accomplishments made by Justinian
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reconquered former Roman territories, code of laws (Justinian's Code), and expanded trade
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religious images (used by Byzantine empire)
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icon
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langauge spoken by most people of the Byzantine Empire
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Greek
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great Byzantine domed Church
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Hagia Sophia
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Schism
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religious division or split
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What factors caused the schism between the Roman Catholic Church and the Byzatnine Church (Orthodox)
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language (Latin vs Greek)
celibacy (yes vs no) icon controversy pope vs patriarch |
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Missiornary who spread Christianity to eastern Europe and developed an alphabet
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Cyril
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Where did Islam begin?
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Arabian Peninsula, Mecca, Medina
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Who is the prophet of Islam
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Muhammad
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Who is the god of Islam
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Allah
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What is the Islamic holy book
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Quran
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What are the duties of Muslims
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Five Pillars
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What caused the Sunni-Shi'a schism?
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debate over who was the successor to Muhammad
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the west African kingdoms of Songhai, Ghana, and Mali traded
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gold and salt
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language of Muslims
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Arabic
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Muslims were defeated here preventing the spread of Islam into Europe
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Battle of Tours
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Muslim contributions
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mosaics, Arabic, number system including zero, algebra, medicine, geogrpahy
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land given to a vassal in exchange for loyalty
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fief
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political and military system in which nobles entered arrangements with other lords in exchange for protection
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feudalism
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manors were expected to be able to meet all needs meaning they were to be--
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self-sufficient
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political and military system in which nobles entered arrangements with other lords in exchange for protection
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feudalism
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peasant during feudal times that was bound to the land
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serf
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in exchange for a fief these people offer protection to their lord and to serve him
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vassal
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great Frankish king who was crowned Holy Roman Emperor
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Charlemagne
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great Frankish king who revived Roman culture, stressed education, expanded his empire through most of western Europe
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Charlemagne
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state religion of ancient Japan, kami
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Shinto
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city in west Africa that served as the foundation for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt
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Timbuktu
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African civilization located on the Limpono and Zambezi Rivers
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Zimbabwe
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Zoroater
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Persian religious prophet
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religion of west African kingdoms
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Islam
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civilization located in the Mexican and Central American rainforest
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Maya
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civilization located in central Mexico
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Aztec
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capital of Aztec
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Tenochtitlan
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achievements made by the Maya, Aztec,
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calendar, mathematics, pyramids
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What were the Crusades?
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Christian attempt to reconquer holy lands (Jerusalem) from Muslims
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Who was Pope Urban II?
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Pope who made the call for the first Crusade
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Who was Saladin?
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Muslim Turk who reconquered Holy Lands leading to the 3rd and 4th Crusade
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What were the results of the Crusades?
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Weakened the pope and nobles
Strengthened monarchs Stimulated trade Increased desire for luxury items from Asia and Middle East Bitterness between Jews and Muslims |
Weakened the pope and nobles
strengthened monarchs stimulated trade increased desire for luxury items from Asia and the Middle East bitterness between Jews and Muslims |
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What is the other name for the bubonic plague?
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Black Plague
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Black Plague
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What is usury?
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high rate of interest
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What were the effects of the Black Death?
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decline in population, created labor shortage, peasants gained rights
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Where did the Renaissance begin?
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Florence, Italy (also Venice and Genoa)
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Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
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trade brought wealth
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Who was King John?
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English monarch who signed the Magna Carta
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Who was William the Conqueror?
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Norman king who conquered England (Battle of Hastings); united England
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What event marked the beginning of England as a nation?
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Norman Conquest by William the Conqueror
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What is common law?
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judges that based their decisions on earlier, accepted rulings
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Which monarch began common law?
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Henry II
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What was the Magna Carta?
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document signed by King John that limited the power of the British king
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What event helped unify and define both England and France as nations?
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Hundred Years' War
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Who was Joan of Arc?
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French heroine of the Hundred Years' War who unified the French people and led them to victory
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Which Spanish monarchs expelled the Muslim Moors and helped unify their nation?
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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Which Spanish monarch created a great overseas empire?
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Philip II
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Who was the great Russian monarch who overthrew the Mongols, centralized the power of the Russian king and unified his nation?
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Ivan the Great
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tsar
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Russian monarch ("first" was Ivan the Great)
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What was the name of the Christian African kingdom?
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Axum
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What were the geographical advantages of Zimbabwe's location?
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Zambezi River, Limpono Rivers, and near the Indian Ocean
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What products were traded by West African civilizations?
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gold and salt
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Which civilization began in Mongolia and expanded into China, Southwest Asia, and Russia by conquering cities and rural areas?
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Mongols
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What is humanism?
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belief in the individual worth of each person
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What was the Renaissance?
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rebirth of Roman and Greek (classical) civilizations; emphasized humanism
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What was the name of the great patron family of Florence?
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Medici
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Who painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper?
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Leondardo daVinci
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What was Michelangelo responsible for painting? sculpting?
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Sistine Chapel Ceiling and David
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Who is the father of humanism?
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Erasmus
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Who wrote Utopia?
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Sir Thomas More
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Who wrote The Prince?
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Machiavelli
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What ideas were put forward by The Prince?
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Absolute power of the ruler; the end justifies the means; one should do good if possible, but can do evil when necessary
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Who were the invaders of the Indian subcontinent?
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Aryans
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